Table 4 Association of Vitamin D status with hygiene related factors
From: Vitamin D status in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Variables | Groups | n | Plasma 25OH vitamin D status | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deficient (< 12 ng/mL) | Insufficient (12–20 ng/mL) | Sufficient (> 20 ng/mL) | ||||
Source of drinking water | Bore well | 33 | 3 (9.1) | 17 (51.5) | 13 (39.4) | 0.0001 |
Well | 19 | 2 (10.5) | 9 (47.4) | 8 (42.1) | ||
Public tap | 285 | 30 (10.5) | 106 (37.2) | 149 (52.3) | ||
Bottled water | 87 | 24 (27.6) | 43 (49.4) | 20 (23.0) | ||
Boiled/filtered drinking water | No | 323 | 34 (10.5) | 129 (39.9) | 160 (49.5) | 0.0001 |
Yes | 101 | 25 (24.8) | 46 (45.5) | 30 (29.7) | ||
Tap water at home | No | 242 | 26 (10.7) | 94 (38.8) | 122 (50.4) | 0.0121 |
Yes | 182 | 33 (18.1) | 81 (44.5) | 68 (37.4) | ||
Closed toilet system | No | 235 | 24 (10.2) | 83 (92) | 128 (54.5) | 0.0001 |
Yes | 189 | 35 (18.5) | 92 (48.7) | 62 (32.8) | ||