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Table 2 Self-reported measures

From: Alcohol pictorial health warning labels: the impact of self-affirmation and health warning severity

 

Avoidance

Reactance

Susceptibility

Effectiveness

Motivation

Self-efficacy

Group

Highly Severe

Moderately Severe

Highly Severe

Moderately Severe

Highly Severe

Moderately Severe

Highly Severe

Moderately Severe

Highly Severe

Moderately Severe

Control (n = 64)

3.33 (0.92)

2.30 (0.84)

2.39 (0.82)

2.16 (0.71)

2.05 (0.59)

2.07 (0.52)

3.26 (0.65)

2.50 (0.64)

2.53 (0.64)

2.14 (0.68)

3.11 (0.99)

Self-Affirmed (n = 64)

3.19 (0.89)

2.32 (0.71)

2.46 (0.75)

2.23 (0.58)

2.10 (0.69)

2.05 (0.63)

3.23 (0.69)

2.49 (0.53)

2.73 (0.79)

2.20 (0.63)

3.30 (1.11)

Mean (n = 128)

3.26 (0.91)

2.31 (0.77)

2.42 (0.78)

2.20 (0.65)

2.08 (0.64)

2.06 (0.57)

3.25 (0.67)

2.50 (0.58)

2.63 (0.72)

2.17 (0.65)

3.20 (1.05)

  1. Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) for self-reported scores for avoidance, reactance, susceptibility, effectiveness and motivation by self-affirmation condition (self-affirmation condition vs. control condition) and for each health warning severity condition (highly-severe vs. moderately-severe pictorial health warning)