From: Alcohol pictorial health warning labels: the impact of self-affirmation and health warning severity
Avoidance | Reactance | Susceptibility | Effectiveness | Motivation | Self-efficacy | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Highly Severe | Moderately Severe | Highly Severe | Moderately Severe | Highly Severe | Moderately Severe | Highly Severe | Moderately Severe | Highly Severe | Moderately Severe | |
Control (n = 64) | 3.33 (0.92) | 2.30 (0.84) | 2.39 (0.82) | 2.16 (0.71) | 2.05 (0.59) | 2.07 (0.52) | 3.26 (0.65) | 2.50 (0.64) | 2.53 (0.64) | 2.14 (0.68) | 3.11 (0.99) |
Self-Affirmed (n = 64) | 3.19 (0.89) | 2.32 (0.71) | 2.46 (0.75) | 2.23 (0.58) | 2.10 (0.69) | 2.05 (0.63) | 3.23 (0.69) | 2.49 (0.53) | 2.73 (0.79) | 2.20 (0.63) | 3.30 (1.11) |
Mean (n = 128) | 3.26 (0.91) | 2.31 (0.77) | 2.42 (0.78) | 2.20 (0.65) | 2.08 (0.64) | 2.06 (0.57) | 3.25 (0.67) | 2.50 (0.58) | 2.63 (0.72) | 2.17 (0.65) | 3.20 (1.05) |