Table 4 Confirmatory factor analysis of the cultural belief scales

 CF9. I think if someone is meant to have colorectal cancer, he/she will have colorectal cancer.

 CF12. I think if someone has colorectal cancer and receives treatment for it, he/she will probably still die from the colorectal cancer.

 CF13. I think if someone was meant to have colorectal cancer, he/she will get colorectal cancer regardless of what doctors and nurses tell him/her to do.

 CF11. I think if someone gets colorectal cancer, he/she will die from it regardless of whether it is detected early or late.

 CF6. I think if someone gets colorectal cancer, he/she will die soon.

 CF15. I think colorectal cancer will kill me no matter when it is found and how it is treated.

 CF7. I think if someone gets colorectal cancer, that’s the way he/she was meant to die.

 CF5. I think if someone gets colorectal cancer, it was meant to be.

 CF2. I think if someone has colorectal cancer, it is already too late to receive treatment.

 CF4. I think if someone is meant to get colorectal cancer, he/she will get it regardless of what he/she does.

 CF14. I think if someone is meant to have colorectal cancer, he/she will get bowel cancer regardless of whether he/she eats healthy foods.

 CF10. I think some people do not want to know if they have colorectal cancer because they do not want to know they may be dying from it.

 CF3. I think someone can eat fatty foods all of their life, and if he/she is not meant to get colorectal cancer, he/she won’t get it.

 CF18. I think there is little one can do to prevent cancer.

 CF1. I think if someone is meant to have colorectal cancer, he/she will get colorectal cancer despite the type of food he/she eats.

 CF16. I think it is fate to get cancer.

 CF8. I think getting checked for colorectal cancer makes people scared that they may really have colorectal cancer.

 HF11. I often feel helpless in dealing with the problems of life.

 CF17. I think cancer is always fatal.

 HF12. There is really no way I can solve some of the problems I have.

 HF9. How long I live is a matter of luck.

 HF8. I think destiny or fate is determined by God.

 HF7. I think health or illness is determined by God.

 HF6. I will die when I am fated to die.

 HF10. I will stay healthy if I am lucky.

 HF5. How long I live is predetermined.

 HF4. I think health or illness is a matter of fate.

 EC10. Luck has a lot to do with whether I am healthy or ill.

 HF3. Life is predetermined.

 EC9. It is solely up to God to decide if I am healthy or ill.

 HF2. What will happen will happen regardless of what I do.

 HF1. I cannot control life and death.

 EC6. There is nothing that I can do to detect health problems early.

 EC5. I have little influence over the things that happen to me.

 EC7. There is nothing that I can do to detect colorectal cancer early.

 EC4. Other powerful people decide when I should be screened for health problems.

 EC2. Friends decide when I should be screened for health problems.

 EC8. Identifying health problems early is a matter of chance.

 EC3. Health care providers, such as the doctor, decide when I should be screened for health problems.

 CHO2. Planning for regular health screenings is not important.

 CHO3. As long as I am feeling well now, it is not important for me to have regular health screenings.

 EC1. My family members decide when I should be screened for health problems.

 CHO1. I only need to see my health care provider when I am sick.

 PHO1. Being healthy is important for my future.

 PHO2. It makes sense to take care of my health now so I can be healthy in the future.

 PHO3. It is important for me to do things now to prevent health problems.

 IC1. I can make a difference in my health by detecting problems early.

 PHO4. Identifying health problems early is important to me.

 PHO5. It is important for me to plan to have CRC screening.

 IC2. I should take it upon myself to find health problems early.

 IC3. Finding health problems early is my responsibility.

 IC4. I have a lot to do with finding health problems early.