Associations of body mass index and diabetes with hip fracture risk: a nationwide cohort study

BMC Public Health

Table 5 Analysis of the effect of BMI on hip fracture risk in diabetes patients

Variables	Unadjusted HR	p-value	Adjusted HR	95% CI		p-value
BMI
18.5 ≦ BMI < 24 (ref.)
BMI < 18.5	2.54	0.032	1.78	0.75	4.26	0.193
24 ≦ BMI < 27	0.42	0.002	0.49	0.28	0.85	0.012
BMI ≧ 27	0.38	0.001	0.42	0.23	0.78	0.006
Sex
Male (ref.)
Female	1.34	0.189	1.33	0.85	2.08	0.215
Age
40–49 (ref.)
50–59	1.81	0.258	1.73	0.62	4.88	0.298
60–69	5.16	0.001	4.67	1.78	12.25	0.002
70–79	11.32	< 0.001	10.20	3.82	27.27	< 0.001
≧ 80	23.02	< 0.001	16.97	5.94	48.43	< 0.001
Urbanization of residence area
1 & 2 (ref.)
3 & 4	0.76	0.289	0.79	0.46	1.36	0.402
5–7	0.81	0.425	0.84	0.47	1.47	0.535
Monthly salary (NTD)
≦ 17,280 (ref.)
17,281–22,800	0.55	0.122	0.74	0.34	1.63	0.457
22,801–36,300	0.78	0.548	1.09	0.47	2.51	0.837
> 36,300	0.42	0.058	0.63	0.25	1.61	0.338
CCI
0 (ref.)
1–3	2.17	0.001	1.51	0.92	2.47	0.106
≧ 4	5.63	< 0.001	3.51	1.43	8.59	0.006
DCSI
0 (ref.)
≧ 1	2.70	< 0.001	1.68	0.94	3.03	0.082
Weekly energy expended of calories in exercise
No exercise (ref.)
< 500 kcal/week	0.73	0.314	0.65	0.35	1.22	0.178
≧ 500 kcal/week	0.59	0.050	0.54	0.31	0.94	0.029

BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, DCSI diabetes complication severity index;
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
NTD New Taiwan Dollar, 32 NTD = 1 US dollar
Urbanization of residence area (overall 7 levels; Level 1 was the most urbanized)

ISSN: 1471-2458