From: Associations of body mass index and diabetes with hip fracture risk: a nationwide cohort study
Variables | Unadjusted HR | p-value | Diabetes without BMI | BMI without diabetes | Diabetes and BMI together | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted HR | 95% CI | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | p-value | ||||||
Diabetes | ||||||||||||
No (ref.) | ||||||||||||
Yes | 2.04 | < 0.001 | 1.54 | 1.18 | 2.00 | – | – | – | 1.64 | 1.30 | 2.15 | < 0.001 |
BMI | ||||||||||||
18.5 ≦ BMI < 24 (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
BMI < 18.5 | 2.58 | < 0.001 | – | – | – | 1.71 | 1.14 | 2.56 | 1.75 | 1.17 | 2.61 | 0.007 |
24 ≦ BMI < 27 | 0.78 | 0.072 | – | – | – | 0.86 | 0.66 | 1.13 | 0.84 | 0.64 | 1.10 | 0.205 |
27 ≦ BMI < 30 | 0.72 | 0.098 | – | – | – | 0.75 | 0.51 | 1.11 | 0.70 | 0.48 | 1.04 | 0.076 |
BMI ≧ 30 | 0.60 | 0.111 | – | – | – | 0.61 | 0.32 | 1.16 | 0.55 | 0.29 | 1.05 | 0.072 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male (ref.) | ||||||||||||
Female | 1.15 | 0.206 | 1.28 | 1.02 | 1.60 | 1.30 | 1.04 | 1.63 | 1.29 | 1.03 | 1.62 | 0.027 |
Age | ||||||||||||
40–49 (ref.) | ||||||||||||
50–59 | 2.66 | 0.000 | 2.47 | 1.45 | 4.19 | 2.63 | 1.55 | 4.46 | 2.50 | 1.47 | 4.25 | 0.001 |
60–69 | 9.12 | < 0.001 | 7.81 | 4.79 | 12.72 | 8.62 | 5.31 | 14.01 | 7.87 | 4.83 | 12.83 | < 0.001 |
70–79 | 27.67 | < 0.001 | 23.19 | 14.41 | 37.33 | 24.86 | 15.47 | 39.94 | 22.68 | 14.08 | 36.52 | < 0.001 |
≧ 80 | 75.60 | < 0.001 | 56.01 | 33.99 | 92.29 | 58.24 | 35.39 | 95.87 | 52.16 | 31.60 | 86.09 | < 0.001 |
Urbanization of residence area | ||||||||||||
1 & 2 (ref.) | ||||||||||||
3 & 4 | 0.96 | 0.787 | 0.97 | 0.74 | 1.28 | 0.96 | 0.73 | 1.26 | 0.96 | 0.73 | 1.26 | 0.768 |
5–7 | 1.28 | 0.073 | 1.21 | 0.91 | 1.60 | 1.17 | 0.88 | 1.56 | 1.18 | 0.89 | 1.57 | 0.251 |
Monthly salary (NTD) | ||||||||||||
≦ 17,280 (ref.) | ||||||||||||
17,281–22,800 | 0.36 | < 0.001 | 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 0.57 | 1.05 | 0.70 | 0.52 | 0.96 | 0.025 |
22,801–36,300 | 0.34 | < 0.001 | 0.85 | 0.58 | 1.23 | 0.93 | 0.64 | 1.35 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 1.22 | 0.349 |
> 36,300 | 0.27 | < 0.001 | 0.87 | 0.58 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.66 | 1.45 | 0.86 | 0.58 | 1.29 | 0.471 |
CCI | ||||||||||||
0 (ref.) | ||||||||||||
1–3 | 2.55 | < 0.001 | 1.58 | 1.23 | 2.04 | 1.56 | 1.22 | 2.01 | 1.58 | 1.23 | 2.04 | 0.000 |
≧ 4 | 5.44 | < 0.001 | 2.58 | 1.73 | 3.86 | 2.46 | 1.65 | 3.66 | 2.64 | 1.77 | 3.95 | < 0.001 |
DCSI | ||||||||||||
0 (ref.) | ||||||||||||
≧ 1 | 2.55 | < 0.001 | 1.34 | 0.93 | 1.93 | 1.43 | 0.99 | 2.07 | 1.35 | 0.93 | 1.95 | 0.112 |
Weekly energy expended of calories in exercise | ||||||||||||
No exercise (ref.) | ||||||||||||
< 500 kcal/week | 0.78 | 0.129 | 0.80 | 0.57 | 1.11 | 0.81 | 0.58 | 1.13 | 0.80 | 0.57 | 1.11 | 0.181 |
≧ 500 kcal/week | 0.75 | 0.038 | 0.65 | 0.49 | 0.86 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.67 | 0.50 | 0.89 | 0.006 |