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Table 3 Cox proportional hazard model analysis of hip fracture risk in all participants

From: Associations of body mass index and diabetes with hip fracture risk: a nationwide cohort study

Variables

Unadjusted HR

p-value

Diabetes without BMI

BMI without diabetes

Diabetes and BMI together

Adjusted HR

95% CI

Adjusted HR

95% CI

Adjusted HR

95% CI

p-value

Diabetes

 No (ref.)

 Yes

2.04

< 0.001

1.54

1.18

2.00

1.64

1.30

2.15

< 0.001

BMI

 18.5  BMI < 24 (ref.)

       

 BMI < 18.5

2.58

< 0.001

1.71

1.14

2.56

1.75

1.17

2.61

0.007

 24  BMI < 27

0.78

0.072

0.86

0.66

1.13

0.84

0.64

1.10

0.205

 27  BMI < 30

0.72

0.098

0.75

0.51

1.11

0.70

0.48

1.04

0.076

 BMI  30

0.60

0.111

0.61

0.32

1.16

0.55

0.29

1.05

0.072

Sex

 Male (ref.)

 Female

1.15

0.206

1.28

1.02

1.60

1.30

1.04

1.63

1.29

1.03

1.62

0.027

Age

 40–49 (ref.)

 50–59

2.66

0.000

2.47

1.45

4.19

2.63

1.55

4.46

2.50

1.47

4.25

0.001

 60–69

9.12

< 0.001

7.81

4.79

12.72

8.62

5.31

14.01

7.87

4.83

12.83

< 0.001

 70–79

27.67

< 0.001

23.19

14.41

37.33

24.86

15.47

39.94

22.68

14.08

36.52

< 0.001

 80

75.60

< 0.001

56.01

33.99

92.29

58.24

35.39

95.87

52.16

31.60

86.09

< 0.001

Urbanization of residence area

 1 & 2 (ref.)

 3 & 4

0.96

0.787

0.97

0.74

1.28

0.96

0.73

1.26

0.96

0.73

1.26

0.768

 5–7

1.28

0.073

1.21

0.91

1.60

1.17

0.88

1.56

1.18

0.89

1.57

0.251

Monthly salary (NTD)

   17,280 (ref.)

 17,281–22,800

0.36

< 0.001

0.71

0.52

0.97

0.78

0.57

1.05

0.70

0.52

0.96

0.025

 22,801–36,300

0.34

< 0.001

0.85

0.58

1.23

0.93

0.64

1.35

0.84

0.58

1.22

0.349

 > 36,300

0.27

< 0.001

0.87

0.58

1.31

0.98

0.66

1.45

0.86

0.58

1.29

0.471

CCI

 0 (ref.)

 1–3

2.55

< 0.001

1.58

1.23

2.04

1.56

1.22

2.01

1.58

1.23

2.04

0.000

   4

5.44

< 0.001

2.58

1.73

3.86

2.46

1.65

3.66

2.64

1.77

3.95

< 0.001

DCSI

 0 (ref.)

 1

2.55

< 0.001

1.34

0.93

1.93

1.43

0.99

2.07

1.35

0.93

1.95

0.112

Weekly energy expended of calories in exercise

 No exercise (ref.)

 < 500 kcal/week

0.78

0.129

0.80

0.57

1.11

0.81

0.58

1.13

0.80

0.57

1.11

0.181

 500 kcal/week

0.75

0.038

0.65

0.49

0.86

0.68

0.51

0.91

0.67

0.50

0.89

0.006

  1. BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, DCSI diabetes complication severity index, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. NTD New Taiwan Dollar; 32 NTD = 1 US dollar
  3. Urbanization of residence area (overall 7 levels; Level 1 was the most urbanized)