Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of subjects in the Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital) 2003, 2008, and 2015, for total population and for overweight and obesity (n = 8682)

From: Excess body weight in the city of São Paulo: panorama from 2003 to 2015, associated factors and projection for the next years

 

ISA-Capital 2003 (n = 2144)

ISA-Capital 2008 (n = 2599)

 

Total population

Overweight

Obese

Total population

Overweight

Obese

%

95%CI

%

95%CI

%

95%CI

pa

%

95%CI

%

95%CI

%

95%CI

pa

Age group

 Adolescents (12–19 yrs)

17.9

16.1, 19.8

16.2

12.6, 20.6

3.7

2.3, 5.9

 

14.7

12.9, 16.7

19.5

16.1, 23.3

5.9

4.1, 8.5

 

  Adults (20–59 yrs)

69.7

67.7, 71.6

30.9

27.1, 35.0

10.6

8.1, 13.9

 

71.6

69.0, 74.0

34.4

31.5, 37.4

13.2

11.2, 15.5

 

 Older adults (≥60 yrs)

12.5

10.9, 14.2

11.5

9.2, 14.2

15.7

12.5, 19.6

< 0.0001

13.7

11.8, 16.0

13.7

11.7, 16.0

19.1

16.0, 22.5

< 0.0001

Sex

 Male

47.7

45.0, 50.5

27.3

23.4, 31.7

11.0

8.3, 14.4

 

47.2

45.2, 49.2

33.6

30.1, 37.3

12.2

9.8, 15.1

 

 Female

52.3

49.5, 55.0

24.5

20.6, 28.9

9.2

7.0, 11.9

0.2602

52.8

50.8, 54.8

25.6

23.2, 28.0

13.6

11.6, 15.8

0.0012

Race/Skin color

 White

67.2

63.2, 70.9

27.3

24.0, 31.0

10.7

8.1, 14.1

 

62.0

56.9, 66.8

30.2

27.5, 33.0

13.2

11.2, 15.6

 

 Non white

32.8

29.1, 36.8

22.7

18.8, 27.2

8.7

6.4, 11.9

0.0832

38.0

33.2, 43.1

27.8

24.3, 31.6

12.4

10.5, 14.7

0.3851

Marital status

 Married / partners

39.1

35.5, 42.9

31.7

24.8, 39.6

10.9

7.2, 16.1

 

42.7

39.8, 45.6

33.5

29.6, 37.6

15.1

12.0, 18.8

 

 Single

56.8

53.1, 60.5

17.1

13.7, 21.2

5.3

2.9, 9.6

 

51.7

48.6, 54.7

19.6

16.6, 23.0

6.6

4.8, 8.8

 

 Separated / Divorced

1.9

1.2, 3.1

28.6

10.6, 57.5

8.4

1.5, 34.9

 

3.5

2.6, 4.7

17.3

8.4, 32.4

13.4

6.1, 27.0

 

 Widow(er)

2.2

1.6, 3.0

7.3

3.3, 15.6

13.5

5.3, 30.2

< 0.0001

2.2

1.6, 2.9

8.4

3.6, 18.2

19.5

10.5, 33.2

< 0.0001

Working status

 Working

45.1

40.6, 49.8

21.6

17.0, 27.0

8.5

5.8, 12.3

 

53.4

49.7, 57.1

29.6

25.6, 33.9

9.1

6.6, 12.3

 

 Not working

29.5

26.4, 32.8

30.1

21.7, 40.0

9.7

5.6, 16.3

 

26.7

21.7, 27.9

21.2

16.8, 26.2

17.4

13.4, 22.3

 

 Student only

22.6

19.4, 26.1

17.7

13.7, 22.7

5.2

2.2, 11.6

 

20.8

17.9, 24.0

19.8

15.7, 24.6

7.1

4.3, 11.4

 

 Other

2.9

1.9, 4.4

10.8

3.9, 26.5

0.0

0.0197

1.1

0.7, 1.9

5.1

1.1, 19.8

10.5

2.9, 31.4

< 0.0001

Per capita family income

  ≤ 1 minimum wage

35.1

30.8, 39.7

22.1

18.3, 26.4

7.8

5.5, 10.8

 

36.4

31.2, 41.9

25.5

22.1. 29.3

12.6

10.3, 15.3

 

  > 1 minimum wage

64.9

60.3, 69.3

27.2

23.4, 31.3

11.0

8.2, 14.7

0.0339

63.7

58.1, 68.9

31.7

28.9, 34.6

13.1

11.0, 15.6

0.0213

Education of householder

 Less than High School

54.0

49.3, 58.6

23.7

20.5, 27.3

10.3

8.0, 13.2

 

43.6

37.1, 50.4

26.6

23.6, 30.0

13.5

11.5, 15.9

 

 High School or higher

46.0

41.5, 50.7

28.2

23.9, 32.9

9.6

6.6, 13.8

0.2958

56.4

49.6, 62.9

31.7

28.8, 34.8

12.3

9.8, 15.2

0.0963

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

65.5

62.7, 68.2

25.1

21.7, 28.9

9.9

7.7, 12.6

 

64.3

61.5, 67.1

28.4

25.4, 31.5

11.4

9.6, 13.4

 

 Former smoker

15.2

12.8, 18.0

35.7

28.8, 43.2

13.5

8.8, 20.3

 

16.4

14.4, 18.7

33.5

29.0, 38.4

21.3

17.3, 25.8

 

 Current smoker

19.3

16.8, 22.0

20.4

15.1, 27.0

8.2

4.5, 14.3

0.0037

19.2

16.9, 21.9

29.1

24.6, 34.1

10.9

7.6, 15.5

< 0.0001

Alcohol intake

 Never

46.2

42.6, 49.8

22.4

19.2, 25.9

11.2

8.8, 14.1

 

43.6

40.8, 46.4

25.9

22.8, 29.1

12.7

10.4, 15.3

 

  ≤ 3 times per week

48.4

44.8, 51.9

28.1

24.0, 32.5

9.2

6.6, 12.7

 

51.0

48.3, 53.7

32.4

29.4, 35.7

13.0

10.7, 15.9

 

  ≥ 4 times per week

5.5

4.2, 7.1

36.2

25.4, 48.7

9.4

4.2, 19.5

0.0460

5.5

4.4, 6.8

29.8

22.3, 38.6

13.2

8.2, 20.8

0.0427

Physical activity level

 Do not meet

22.8

19.9, 26.1

24.2

19.4, 29.7

11.6

8.3, 16.0

 

19.3

17.1, 21.8

22.9

18.5, 27.8

13.1

9.8, 17.2

 

 Meet the recommendations

77.2

73.9, 80.1

26.2

23.0, 29.6

9.6

7.5, 12.2

0.5079

80.7

78.2, 82.9

30.9

28.5, 33.4

12.9

11.0, 15.0

0.0224

Body weight status

 Overweight

25.9

23.1, 28.8

 

29.4

27.3, 31.6

 

 Obesity

10.0

8.0, 12.5

 

12.9

11.3, 14.7

 
 

ISA-Capital 2015 (n = 3939)

       

Total population

Overweight

Obese

        

%

95%CI

%

95%CI

%

95%CI

pa

pb

      

Age group

      

 Adolescents (12–19 yrs)

13.2

12.0, 14.4

19.5

16.9, 22.4

9.3

7.6, 11.4

        

 Adults (20–59 yrs)

70.8

69.1, 72.5

36.2

34.0, 38.4

20.5

18.7, 22.5

        

 Older adults (≥60 yrs)

16.0

14.3, 17.9

13.2

10.9, 15.9

21.2

18.7, 24.0

< 0.0001

0.0008

      

Sex

      

 Male

47.0

45.4, 48.6

34.4

31.8, 37.1

17.1

14.9, 19.5

        

 Female

53.0

51.4, 54.6

26.7

24.4, 29.1

21.0

19.2, 23.0

< 0.0001

0.8798

      

Race/Skin color

      

 White

51.4

48.0, 54.8

30.4

27.8, 33.1

19.6

17.5, 21.9

        

 Non white

48.6

45.2, 52.0

30.0

27.9, 32.2

18.9

17.2, 20.7

0.8032

< 0.0001

      

Marital status

 Married / partners

51.7

49.5, 53.9

34.0

31.4, 36.7

23.4

21.1, 25.8

        

 Single

35.2

33.3, 37.1

25.6

23.2, 28.3

12.0

10.2, 14.1

        

 Separated / Divorced

7.6

6.7, 8.7

32.9

27.5, 38.8

21.1

16.4, 26.7

        

 Widow(er)

5.5

4.8, 6.3

19.6

15.0, 25.3

23.4

18.8, 28.7

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

      

Working status

 Working

60.6

58.6, 62.7

34.8

32.4, 37.3

19.6

17.6, 21.7

        

 Not working

27.6

25.7, 29.5

24.6

21.8, 27.6

22.1

19.3, 25.2

        

 Student only

10.8

9.7, 12.0

19.0

16.0, 22.4

10.1

7.7, 13.2

        

 Other

1.0

0.7, 1.4

27.6

15.5, 44.3

16.0

7.8, 30.2

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

      

Per capita family income

  ≤ 1 minimum wage

49.0

45.0, 53.0

30.7

28.4, 33.1

19.1

16.8, 21.5

        

  > 1 minimum wage

51.0

47.0, 55.0

32.1

28.8, 35.6

19.5

17.1, 22.1

0.7034

0.0059

      

Education of householder

 Less than High School

43.0

39.3, 46.9

29.9

27.6, 32.2

19.3

17.5, 21.4

        

 High School or higher

57.0

53.1, 60.7

30.8

28.3, 33.4

19.5

17.3, 21.8

0.8300

0.0083

      

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

70.3

68.5, 72.0

29.4

27.3, 31.5

18.5

16.9, 20.3

        

 Former smoker

13.6

12.3, 15.1

38.0

33.6, 42.6

24.1

20.5, 28.0

        

 Current smoker

16.1

14.8, 17.6

28.1

24.6, 32.0

17.7

14.0, 22.2

< 0.0001

0.0159

      

Alcohol intake

 Never

62.7

62.9, 68.4

27.9

26.1, 29.8

19.4

17.7, 21.2

        

  ≤ 3 times per week

30.9

28.5, 33.5

34.9

31.4, 38.5

19.0

16.0, 22.4

        

  ≥ 4 times per week

3.4

2.8, 4.2

30.7

21.4, 41.8

11.3

6.4, 19.2

0.0042

< 0.0001

      

Physical activity level

 Do not meet

21.9

19.8, 24.1

25.4

22.7, 28.4

20.4

17.8, 23.2

        

 Meet the recommendations

78.1

75.9, 80.2

31.6

29.5, 33.8

18.7

17.2, 20.3

0.0028

0.3880

      

Body weight status

 Overweight

30.3

28.6, 32.1

        

 Obesity

19.2

17.8, 20.6

 

< 0.0001

      
  1. aPearson’s Chi-square test with the Rao and Scott second-order correction p-values for differences in each ISA-Capital
  2. bPearson’s Chi-square test with the Rao and Scott second-order correction p-values for differences in total population prevalence across ISA-Capital surveys