|  | Life time Prescription stimulant use (Weighted mean/ prevalence) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall sample (Unweighted descriptive) | No | Yes | p* | |
Characteristics | M (SD) | M | M | Â |
Age | 21.29 (2.78) | 21.26 | 22.14 | .005 |
 | n (%) | % | % |  |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 706 (62.2) | 41.3 | 69.4 | < .001 |
 Male | 430 (37.8) | 58.7 | 30.6 |  |
Residency | ||||
 Australian citizen/resident | 969 (85.6) | 85.5 | 84.1 | .753 |
 Other | 163 (14.4) | 14.5 | 15.9 |  |
International student | ||||
 Yes | 158 (14.1) | 14.0 | 15.9 | .917 |
 No | 964 (85.9) | 86.0 | 84.1 |  |
Study level | ||||
 Undergraduate | 984 (87.5) | 87.7 | 82.9 | .480 |
 Graduate/ Post-graduate | 140 (12.4) | 12.3 | 17.1 |  |
 Other | 1 (0.1) | 0.0 | 0.0 |  |
Highest level of parents education | ||||
 High school or below | 253 (22.4) | 21.7 | 25.2 | .588 |
 Post-secondary school | 869 (76.8) | 77.4 | 74.8 |  |
 Other | 10 (0.8) | 0.9 | 0.0 |  |
Hours of paid work during semester | ||||
 Zero hours | 240 (21.1) | 22.1 | 17.9 | .865 |
 1–25 h | 636 (56.0) | 55.2 | 56.5 |  |
  > 25 h | 70 (6.2) | 6.1 | 7.9 |  |
 Hours vary weekly | 73 (6.4) | 6.5 | 5.3 |  |
 Do not work during semester | 117 (10.3) | 10.1 | 12.4 |  |
Years studying at university | ||||
 Less than 1 year | 232 (20.6) | 20.9 | 14.3 | .207 |
 1–3 years | 455 (40.5) | 40.6 | 34.5 |  |
 3–5 years | 329 (29.3) | 29.2 | 37.8 |  |
 More than 5 years | 108 (9.6) | 9.3 | 13.4 |  |
Current study load | ||||
 Full-time | 1033 (92.0) | 92.0 | 91.9 | .943 |
 Part-time | 81 (7.2) | 7.2 | 7.0 |  |
 Withdrawn/ Deferred | 9 (0.8) | 0.8 | 1.1 |  |
Mode of study | ||||
 On-campus | 1054 (94.4) | 94.6 | 93.0 | .586 |
 Off-campus/online student | 63 (5.6) | 5.4 | 7.0 |  |
Living on campus | ||||
 Yes | 102 (10.7) | 10.6 | 9.8 | .858 |
 No | 849 (89.3) | 89.4 | 90.2 |  |
Current Grade Point Average (GPA) | ||||
 Fail | 16 (1.4) | 1.4 | 4.3 | .215 |
 Pass (4.0–4.9) | 168 (15.0) | 15.2 | 18.7 |  |
 Credit (5.0–5.9) | 416 (37.0) | 37.2 | 31.1 |  |
 Distinction (6.0–6.9) | 376 (33.4) | 32.7 | 38.9 |  |
 High Distinction (7.0) | 92 (8.2) | 8.4 | 4.0 |  |
 Other | 56 (5.0) | 5.1 | 3.0 |  |
Physical health problem diagnosis | ||||
 Yes | 198 (17.4) | 16.9 | 17.8 | .428 |
 No | 938 (82.6) | 83.1 | 82.2 |  |
Mental health problem diagnosis | ||||
 Yes | 227 (20.4) | 19.0 | 32.1 | .064 |
 No | 887 (79.6) | 81.0 | 67.9 |  |
Prescription for pharmaceutical stimulants | ||||
 Yes | 16 (1.4) | 0.8 | 11.8 | < .001 |
 No | 1094 (98.6) | 99.2 | 88.2 |  |
Previous illicit drug use | ||||
 Yes | 286 (25.9) | 22.9 | 77.5 | < .001 |
 No | 818 (74.1) | 77.1 | 22.5 |  |
Frequency of alcohol use | ||||
 Never/ Less than yearly | 237 (21.5) | 22.4 | 7.7 | < .001 |
 Yearly | 228 (20.6) | 20.9 | 10.9 |  |
 Monthly | 365 (33.0) | 32.7 | 39.0 |  |
 Weekly or more frequent | 275 (24.9) | 24.0 | 42.4 |  |
Peer use of prescription stimulants to improve academic performance | ||||
 Yes | 369 (34.8) | 32.1 | 81.8 | < .001 |
 No | 691 (65.2) | 67.9 | 18.2 |  |