Table 2 Parameter estimates for simple model (SM), patient-based model (PBM), area-based model (ABM), and combined model (CM)

Fixed part^a

Variable

Estimate (95% CI)

p-value

Estimate (95% CI)

p-value

Estimate (95% CI)

p-value

Estimate (95% CI)

p-value

Age

4.86 (2.68–7.04)

0.00

2.98 (0.29–5.67)

0.03

4.97 (2.78–7.15)

0.00

3.06 (0.37–5.74)

0.03

Gender (2 = male)

83.00 (31.95–134.06)

0.00

101.24 (49.16–153.32)

0.00

83.18 (31.95–134.40)

0.00

100.84 (48.80–152.88)

0.00

Income (patient)

−5.24 (−8.01–(−2.46))

0.00

−5.05 (−7.82–(−2.28))

0.00

Education (patient)

−40.18 (−71.80–(− 8.56))

0.00

−35.24 (−66.93–(−3.56))

0.03

Unemployed (patient)

77.54 (−71.57–226.65)

0.08

74.54 (−74.53–223.62)

0.33

Income (small-area)

0.02 (0.00–0.04)

0.08

0.02 (0.00–0.04)

0.10

Education (small-area)

−14.33 (−20.27–(−8.39))

0.00

−12.75 (−18.74–(−6.77))

0.00

Unemployed (small-area)

7.25 (−12.39–26.89)

0.47

4.40 (−15.31–24.12)

0.66

Random part^b

Municipality (M)

0.0859²

0.0774²

0.0961²

0.0944²

Postal code area (Pa)

0.1196²

0.1115²

0.0483²

0.0496²

Patient (P)

1.2237²

1.2177²

1.2205²

1.2185²

Areas (M + Pa)

0.1473²

0.1357²

0.1076²

0.1066²

Total (M + Pa + P)

1.2325²

1.2252²

1.2252²

1.2232²