From: Pedestrian smartphone overuse and inattentional blindness: an observational study in Taipei, Taiwan
Using smartphone when crossing | Failure to see the clown | Failure to hear the horn | Failure to remember remaining secs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95% CI) P-value | OR(95% CI) | P-value | OR(95% CI) | P-value | OR(95% CI) | P-value | |
Smartphone tasks (ref. control) | |||||||
Listening to music | 3.22(2.57, 4.13) < 0.01 | 1.13(0.84, 1.26) | 0.21 | 2.94(2.34, 3.28) | < 0.01 | 1.26(1.11, 1.38) | 0.02 |
Voice talking (using an app) | 1.12(0.87, 1.31) 0.17 | 1.22(1.06, 1.45) | 0.03 | 1.86(1.55, 2.16) | < 0.01 | 1.21(0.80, 1.42) | 0.21 |
Talking (traditional) | Ref. | 1.18(0.94, 1.32) | 0.16 | 1.95(1.79, 2.32) | < 0.01 | 1.30(0.74, 1.39) | 0.33 |
Using social media apps | 1.39(1.12, 1.78) 0.02 | 1.27(1.11, 1.54) | < 0.01 | 1.35(0.94, 1.48) | 0.25 | 1.79(1.54, 2.21) | < 0.01 |
Video calling (using an app) | 0.82(0.63, 1.08) 0.22 | 2.31(1.99, 2.67) | < 0.01 | 1.90(1.70, 2.25) | < 0.01 | 1.52(0.94, 1.68) | 0.28 |
Texting messages (using an app) | 1.57(1.19, 1.87) < 0.01 | 1.76(1.50, 2.01) | < 0.01 | 1.49(1.20, 1.85) | < 0.01 | 1.70(1.54, 2.16) | < 0.01 |
Web surfing | 1.12(0.74, 1.36) 0.19 | 1.68(1.54, 1.90) | 0.02 | 1.39(0.84, 1.46) | 0.20 | 1.39(0.84, 1.46) | 0.20 |
Gaming | 2.81(2.24, 3.37) < 0.01 | 2.46(2.10, 2.86) | < 0.01 | 2.31(1.80, 2.74) | < 0.01 | 2.33(1.75, 2.86) | < 0.01 |
Students (ref. otherwise) | 1.85(1.29, 2.24) < 0.01 | 1.27(1.08, 1.64) | < 0.01 | 1.26(0.89, 1.36) | 0.16 | 1.39(1.16, 1.94) | < 0.01 |
Students x gaming (ref. otherwise) | 2.21(2.01, 3.15) < 0.01 | 1.94(1.64, 2.31) | < 0.01 | 2.19(1.84, 2.39) | < 0.01 | 1.87(1.50, 2.24) | < 0.01 |
Screen size of 5 in. or larger (ref. otherwise) | 1.67(1.26, 2.52) < 0.01 | 2.05(1.84, 2.52) | < 0.01 | 1.55(1.21, 1.68) | 0.03 | 1.79(1.36, 2.27) | < 0.01 |
4G Internet data allowance (ref. none) | |||||||
Unlimited use | 2.60(1.94, 3.37) < 0.01 | 1.86(1.51, 2.09) | < 0.01 | 2.08(1.84, 2.45) | < 0.01 | 1.53(1.22, 1.95) | < 0.01 |
Restricted allowance | 1.23(0.90, 1.39) 0.24 | 1.22(0.94, 1.40) | 0.23 | 1.16(0.88, 1.35) | 0.33 | 1.06(0.78, 1.29) | 0.28 |
Unlimited data x gaming (Ref. otherwise) | 2.54(0.03, 3.23) < 0.01 | 2.33(1.95, 2.69) | < 0.01 | 1.60(1.31, 1.98) | < 0.01 | 2.16(1.84, 2.57) | < 0.01 |
ρ 2 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.27 |