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Table 3 Univariable Analysis of Infant HIV Infection by EMTCT Service and Other Health System & Maternal/Infant indicators

From: Impact of maternal ART on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV at six weeks postpartum in Rwanda

Variable

Answer (#)*

MTCT %

95%CI

p-value

EMTCT Site

Yes (1547)

1.6

1.1–2.5

0.097

No (92)

0.7

0.2–2.4

HIV Test Results written on Card

Yes (1516)

1.6

1.0–2.5

0.0504

No (81)

0.5

0.1–1.9

Mother HIV testing during pregnancy (in Negative or Unknown at beginning of pregnancy)

Yes (1615)

1.6

1.0–2.4

0.6220

No (24)

2.4

0.6–10.0

Mother HIV status known during pregnancy

Tested HIV+ during pregnancy (1280)

1.2

0.7–2.1

0.051

Tested HIV Negative during pregnancy (162)

3.5

1.7–7.0

Not tested during pregnancy (177)

2.7

1.4–5.1

Mother CD4 Count done

CD4 done (1505)

1.6

1.0–2.4

0.432

CD4 not done (92)

2.7

1.07.4

Mother referred to ART clinic

Yes referred (1316)

1.1

0.6–2.0

0.034

Not referred (242)

3.2

1.9–5.6

CD4 level

> 350 (275)

2.2

1.1–4.5

0.328

<=350 (1075)

1.4

0.7–2.5

Mother visited ART clinic

Yes (1467)

1.6

1.1–2.5

0.637

No (107)

1.2

0.3–4.6

Maternal took ART/ARV during pregnancy

Yes (1474)

1.3

0.8–2.1

0.051

No (120)

4.9

2.4–9.8

Mother timing of initiation of ART

Prior to pregnancy (637)

0.4

0.2–0.9

0.012

During Pregnancy (686)

1.9

1.1–3.4

After Delivery (44)

8.6

2.5–26.2

Infant ARV Prophylaxis Initiation

Nevirapine within 72 h (1149)

1.2

1.0–2.4

0.062

Nevirapine not within 72 hoursbut within 6 weeks/no (430)

2.7

1.6–4.5

Mother-Baby ART/ARV

Mother & Baby Received (1422)

1.3

0.8–2.2

0.056

Not Mother-Baby ART/ARV (either mother or baby or both no treatment) (128)

4.7

2.3–9.3

Infant Cotrimoxazole

Yes (639)

1.1

0.5–2.7

0.217

No (965)

2.0

1.3–3.2

Infant Feeding Counselling received

Yes (1420)

1.1

0.6–2.0

0.024

No (194)

3.6

2.1–6.1

Infant Feeding exclusive breastfeeding in last 24 h

Yes (1439)

1.5

0.9–2.3

0.399

No (196)

2.4

1.0–5.7

Any Breastfeeding

Yes (1429)

1.5

1.0–2.4

0.535

No (210)

2.1

0.9–5.1

Disclosed status

Yes (1340)

1.1

0.7–1.9

0.006

Nov (252)

4.1

2.4–6.8

Perceived Discrimination

Yes (212)

2.7

1.2–6.0

0.255

No (1372)

1.5

0.9–2.3

Antenatal Care

0 visits (17)

11.3

3.5–30.9

0.130

1 or more visits (1586)

1.5

1.0–2.3

Gestational Age started antenatal care

< 27 Weeks (1093)

1.0

0.5–2.0

0.049

> = 27 Weeks (546)

2.7

1.5–4.6

Syphilis Screen during pregnancy

Yes (1264)

1.4

0.9–2.3

0.062

No (237)

3.0

1.8–5.2

Tuberculosis Screen during pregnancy

Yes (602)

1.9

1.0–3.6

0.458

No (952)

1.4

0.8–2.4

Place of Delivery

Facility (1525)

1.5

0.9–2.2

0.257

Home/Other (98)

3.5

1.3–9.1

Method of Delivery

Vaginal (1343)

1.4

0.9–2.2

0.897

Caesarean Section (237)

1.5

0.6–4.0

Delivered by

Doctor (310)

1.4

0.6–3.3

0.449

Midwife/Nurse (1217)

1.4

0.9–2.4

Traditional Birth Attendant/Other (80)

4.2

1.6–10.6

Low Birth Weight

Yes (85)

2.2

1.0–4.9

0.467

No (1533)

1.5

1.0–2.4

Preterm

Yes (41)

3.5

1.3–9.4

0.349

No (1598)

1.5

1.0–2.4

  1. *Totals may not add to 100% due to missing