From: Early maternal perceived stress and children’s BMI: longitudinal impact and influencing factors
entire LINA cohort n (%), n = 629 a | analyzed sub-cohort n (%), n = 498 a | χ2-test | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.810 | ||
Male | 330 (52.5) | 253 (50.8) | |
Female | 299 (47.5) | 245 (49.2) | |
Week of gestation at birth | 0.951 | ||
<37 weeks | 25 (4.0) | 16 (3.2) | |
37-40 weeks | 389 (61.8) | 308 (61.8) | |
> 40 weeks | 214 (34.0) | 174 (34.9) | |
Mode of delivery | 0.979 | ||
Spontaneous | 471 (74.9) | 387 (77.7) | |
C-section | 132 (21.0) | 104 (20.9) | |
Others | 7 (1.1) | 7 (1.4) | |
Birth weight | 0.996 | ||
< 3000g | 123 (19.6) | 92 (18.5) | |
≥ 3000g – 3500g | 242 (38.5) | 195 (39.2) | |
≥ 3500g – 4000g | 192 (30.5) | 151 (30.3) | |
≥ 4000g | 71 (11.3) | 60 (12.0) | |
Household members | 0.887 | ||
2 | 33 (5.2) | 26 (5.2) | |
3 | 365 (56.6) | 300 (60.2) | |
≥4 | 203 (32.3) | 196 (39.4) | |
Breastfeeding | 0.515 | ||
1.-3. month | 112 (17.8) | 87 (17.5) | |
1.-6. month | 268 (42.6) | 166 (33.3) | |
1.-12. month | 254 (40.4) | 226 (45.4) | |
Parental education b | 0.697 | ||
Low | 16 (2.5) | 6 (1.2) | |
Medium | 144 (22.9) | 101 (20.3) | |
High | 468 (74.4) | 391 (78.5) | |
Household income / month | 0.648 | ||
< 2000€ | 240 (38.2) | 172 (34.5) | |
2000€ - 4000€ | 308 (49.0) | 171 (34.3) | |
> 4000€ | 42 (6.7) | 35 (7.0) | |
Separation/divorce c | 0.973 | ||
Yes | 25 (4.0) | 23 (4.6) | |
No | 169 (26.9) | 158 (31.7) | |
Prenatal ETS exposure d | 0.243e | ||
Median [μg/g creatinine] | 2.0 | 1.85 | |
< 25% , > 75% | 0.8,5.6 | 0.75,4.95 |