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Table 1 General study characteristics of the LINA cohort

From: Early maternal perceived stress and children’s BMI: longitudinal impact and influencing factors

 

entire LINA cohort n (%), n = 629 a

analyzed sub-cohort n (%), n = 498 a

χ2-test

Gender

  

0.810

 Male

330 (52.5)

253 (50.8)

 

 Female

299 (47.5)

245 (49.2)

 

Week of gestation at birth

  

0.951

 <37 weeks

25 (4.0)

16 (3.2)

 

 37-40 weeks

389 (61.8)

308 (61.8)

 

 > 40 weeks

214 (34.0)

174 (34.9)

 

Mode of delivery

  

0.979

 Spontaneous

471 (74.9)

387 (77.7)

 

 C-section

132 (21.0)

104 (20.9)

 

 Others

7 (1.1)

7 (1.4)

 

Birth weight

  

0.996

 < 3000g

123 (19.6)

92 (18.5)

 

 ≥ 3000g – 3500g

242 (38.5)

195 (39.2)

 

 ≥ 3500g – 4000g

192 (30.5)

151 (30.3)

 

 ≥ 4000g

71 (11.3)

60 (12.0)

 

Household members

  

0.887

 2

33 (5.2)

26 (5.2)

 

 3

365 (56.6)

300 (60.2)

 

 ≥4

203 (32.3)

196 (39.4)

 

Breastfeeding

  

0.515

 1.-3. month

112 (17.8)

87 (17.5)

 

 1.-6. month

268 (42.6)

166 (33.3)

 

 1.-12. month

254 (40.4)

226 (45.4)

 

Parental education b

  

0.697

 Low

16 (2.5)

6 (1.2)

 

 Medium

144 (22.9)

101 (20.3)

 

 High

468 (74.4)

391 (78.5)

 

Household income / month

  

0.648

 < 2000€

240 (38.2)

172 (34.5)

 

 2000€ - 4000€

308 (49.0)

171 (34.3)

 

 > 4000€

42 (6.7)

35 (7.0)

 

Separation/divorce c

  

0.973

 Yes

25 (4.0)

23 (4.6)

 

 No

169 (26.9)

158 (31.7)

 

Prenatal ETS exposure d

  

0.243e

 Median [μg/g creatinine]

2.0

1.85

 

 < 25% , > 75%

0.8,5.6

0.75,4.95

 
  1. an may be different from total n due to missing data
  2. bLow = 8 yrs of schooling (‘Hauptschulabschluss`); medium = 10 yrs of schooling (`Mittlere Reife`); high = 12 yrs of schooling or more (`(Fach-)hochschulreife’)
  3. cParental separation/divorce in the last 3 years from children’s age 2 years
  4. dETS environmental tobacco smoke (urinary cotinine level at pregnancy)
  5. ep-value derived from Student’s T test between group means