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Table 4 Illness perceptions, total score and comparison of genders; and causal attributions, response categories and examples

From: Young adults at risk of early work disability: who are they?

 

Total (N = 72)

Men (n = 48)

Women (n = 24)

 

Continuous items, 0–10

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

p-value

Consequences

5.85 ± 3.08

5.48 ± 2.97

6.58 ± 3.22

.153

Timeline

7.38 ± 3.21

7.69 ± 3.15

6.78 ± 3.33

.275

Personal control

5.69 ± 3.18

5.36 ± 3.17

6.33 ± 3.17

.226

Treatment control

4.28 ± 2.98

4.88 ± 2.95

3.21 ± 2.78

.026

Identity

5.66 ± 2.81

5.20 ± 2.70

6.50 ± 2.87

.069

Concern

4.63 ± 3.01

4.11 ± 2.78

5.63 ± 3.24

.045

Coherence

3.82 ± 3.23

3.45 ± 3.16

4.54 ± 3.30

.178

Emotional response

6.18 ± 3.09

6.09 ± 2.96

6.38 ± 3.39

.711

Causal attribution, open-ended

Number of responsesa

Example of response

 Relational

20

“Loneliness”

 Health behavior

16

“Used various types of drugs”

 Hereditary/genetic

13

“Genetics”

 External environment

11

“Living situation”

 Bullying

6

“Bullied in childhood”

 Childhood

6

“A lot of moving [...] during my first 7 years”

 Psychological

6

“Social anxiety”

 Self-control/coping

5

“Bad choices”

 Traumatic life events

5

“Sexual abuse”

 Unknown

5

“Cause not explained”

 Other categoriesb

18

 
  1. a51 participants provided 111 open-ended responses
  2. bCategories with fewer than five respondents (somatic, injury, pressure/demands, financial, fate/fortune) are not reported
  3. All values in boldface in the p-value column are statistically significant at the 0.05 level