Table 1 Demographic characteristics of app users and non-app users
First author (Year) | Age Mean ± SD or n (%) | Sexual orientation n (%) | Race/ethnicity n (%) | Education n (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | app users | non-app users | Group | app users | non-app users | Group | app users | non-app users | Group | app users | non-app users | |
Goedel (2015) | 18–66 | 31.73 ± 10.7 | NR | Gay | 71 (77.2) | NR | White | 58 (63.0) | NR | <College | 45 (48.9) | NR |
Other | 21 (22.8) | Other | 34 (37.0) | ≥College | 47 (51.1) | |||||||
Goedel (2016) Duncan (2016) | 18–30 ≥31 | 98 (56.6) | NR | Gay | 146 (84.9) | NR | White | 69 (39.9) | NR | <College | 96 (55.5) | NR |
75 (43.4) | Other | 26 (15.1) | Other | 104 (60.1) | ≥College | 77 (44.5) | ||||||
Phillips (2014) | 18–34 | 160 (66.4) | 70 (50.7) | Gay | 220 (91.7) | 111 (81.6) | White | 120 (49.8) | 60 (43.5) | <College | 44 (18.3) | 22 (15.9) |
≥35 | 81 (33.6) | 68 (49.3) | Other | 20 (8.3) | 25 (18.4) | Other | 121 (50.2) | 78 (56.5) | ≥College | 197 (81.7) | 116 (84.1) | |
Rhoton (2016) | ≥18 | 29.46 ± 8.20 | NR | Gay | 2 (0.4) | NR | NR | <College | 384 (87.0) | NR | ||
Other | 406 (90.4) | ≥College | 57 (12.0) | |||||||||
Holloway (2015) Holloway (2015) | ≥25 | 30.66 ± 6.68 | NR | Gay | 265 (90.1) | NR | White | 152 (51.5) | NR | <College | 33 (11.2) | NR |
Other | 29 (9.9) | Other | 143 (48.5) | ≥College | 262 (88.8) | |||||||
Ko (2016) | 18–54 | 27.3 ± 6.8 | 26.5 ± 6.6 | NR | NR | <College | 69 (17.3) | 120 (18.2) | ||||
≥College | 331 (82.7) | 540 (81.8) | ||||||||||
Beymer (2014) | ≤29 | 1287 (49.7) | 1823 (27.9) | NR | White | 1366 (52.8) | 2198 (47.8) | <College | 287 (11.1) | 753 (16.4) | ||
≥30 | 1302 (50.3) | 2772 (72.1) | Other | 1223 (47.2) | 2397 (52.2) | ≥College | 2302 (88.9) | 3842 (83.6) | ||||
Beymer (2016) | NR | NR | White | 109 (74.7) | NR | <College | 17 (11.6) | NR | ||||
Other | 37 (25.3) | ≥College | 129 (88.4) | |||||||||
Yeo (2016) | 17–26 | 21.52 ± 2.29 | NR | Gay | 159 (74.6) | NR | Chinese | 206 (96.7) | NR | <College | 47 (22.2) | NR |
Other | 54 (25.4) | Other | 7 (3.3) | ≥College | 165 (77.8) | |||||||
Winetrobe (2014) Rice (2012) | 18–24 | 21.8 ± 1.7 | NR | Gay | 168 (86.2) | NR | White | 76 (39.0) | NR | <College | 30 (15.4) | NR |
Other | 27 (13.8) | Other | 119 (61.0) | ≥College | 165 (84.6) | |||||||
Tang (2016) | ≤29 | 680 (82.5) | 424 (70.7) | Gay | 626 (76.0) | 412 (68.7) | NR | <College | 186 (22.6) | 183 (30.5) | ||
≥30 | 144 (17.5) | 176 (29.3) | Other | 198 (24.0) | 188 (31.3) | ≥College | 638 (77.4) | 417 (69.5) | ||||
Muessig (2013) LeGrand (2014) | 18–30 | 24 ± 3.0 | NR | NR | Black | 22 (100) | NR | NR | ||||
Chow (2016) Chow (2017) | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||||||||
Allen (2017) | 18–29 ≥30 | 65 (34.6) | 212 (37.8) | Gay | 164 (87.2) | 434 (77.4) | Black | 86 (45.7) | 270 (48.1) | <College | 125 (66.5) | 389 (69.3) |
123 (65.4) | 349 (62.2) | Other | 24 (12.8) | 127 (22.6) | Hispanic | 102 (54.3) | 291 (51.9) | ≥College | 63 (33.5) | 172 (30.7) | ||
Bien (2015) | 16–25 ≥26 | 156 (28.6) | 161 (20.2) | Gay | 428 (78.7) | 543 (69.1) | NR | <College | 224 (41.5) | 396 (50.1) | ||
389 (71.4) | 636 (79.8) | Other | 116 (21.3) | 243 (30.9) | ≥College | 316 (58.5) | 395 (49.9) | |||||
Rendina (2014) | ≥18 | 30.1 ± 9.1 | NR | Gay | 1162 (86.0) | NR | White | 666 (49.3) | NR | NR | ||
Other | 189 (14.0) | Other | 685 (50.7) | |||||||||
Grosskopf (2014) | NR | Mdn 24.83 | Mdn 27.75 | NR | White | 30 (76.9) | 47 (54) | <College | 5 (13.9) | 15 (21.7) | ||
Other | 9 (23.1) | 40 (46) | ≥College | 31 (86.1) | 54 (78.3) | |||||||
Goedel (2016) | 18–30 ≥31 | 94 (62.7) | NR | Gay | 126 (84.0) | NR | White | 66 (44.0) | NR | <College | 64 (42.7) | NR |
56 (37.3) | Other | 24 (16.0) | Other | 84 (56.0) | ≥College | 86 (57.3) | ||||||
Lehmiller (2014) | NR | 30.7 ± 10.1 | 28.9 ± 11.7 | Gay | (86.9) | (73.1) | White | (86.7) | (86.0) | NR | ||
Other | (13.1) | (26.9) | Other | (13.3) | (14.0) | |||||||
Goedel (2017) | 18–30 ≥31 | 78 (38.6) | NR | Gay | 176 (87.1) | NR | White | 143 (72.2) | NR | NR | ||
124 (61.4) | Other | 26 (12.9) | Other | 55 (27.8) | ||||||||
Landovitz (2013) | 18–29 ≥30 | 349 (93.1) | NR | NR | White | 159 (42.4) | NR | NR | ||||
26 (6.9) | Other | 216 (57.6) | ||||||||||
Burrell (2012) | 18–30 | (56.0) | (18.8) | NR | White | (44.0) | (30.4) | ≥College | (68.0) | (40.3) | ||
Cao (2017) | ≤29 | 393 (80.7) | 241 (63.9) | Gay | 373 (76.6) | 257 (68.2) | NR | <College | 119 (24.4) | 122 (32.4) | ||
≥30 | 94 (19.3) | 136 (36.1) | Other | 114 (23.4) | 120 (31.8) | ≥College | 368 (75.6) | 255 (67.6) | ||||
PhillipsII (2015) | 18–29 | 18–29 | NR | Gay | 1668 (83.6) | NR | White | 1207 (63.7) | NR | <College | 809 (40.6) | NR |
Other | 327 (16.4) | Other | 688 (36.3) | ≥College | 1186 (59.4) | |||||||
Weiss (2017) | 15–29 | 163 (47.2) | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||||||
≥30 | 182 (52.8) | |||||||||||