The association between quality of life(QOL) and health literacy among junior middle school students: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Standardized Coefficients Obtained From Multiple Regression Analyses Predicting QOL Scores from Health Literacy Levels and Characteristics without and with Controlling for Covariate

Independent Variable(s)	Unadjusted Model^a(N = 1774)		Fully adjusted Model^b(N = 1774)
Independent Variable(s)	b(SE)	P-Value	b(SE)	P-Value
Health literacy levels
low	−12.7 (1.1)	< 0.0001	−9.3 (1.1)	< 0.0001
Medium	−6.8 (1.0)	< 0.0001	−5.0 (0.9)	< 0.0001
high	Ref.		Ref.
Sex
Male	Ref.		Ref.
Female	−3.5 (0.8)	< 0.0001	−4.5 (0.7)	< 0.0001
Grade
7th	Ref.		Ref.
8th	1.3 (1.0)	0.1845	1.6 (0.9)	0.0766
9th	−3.0 (1.0)	0.0035	−1.8 (0.9)	0.0494
Place of residence
Rural	Ref.		Ref.
Urban	2.8 (0.8)	0.0007	1.8 (0.9)	0.0494
Only child
Yes	Ref.		Ref.
No	0.6 (0.8)	0.4630	−0.1 (0.8)	0.9349
Father’s education level
Low	Ref.		Ref.
Medium	2.8 (0.9)	0.0037	0.7 (0.9)	0.4498
High	4.2 (1.4)	0.0027	−0.4 (1.5)	0.8149
Mother’s education level
Low	Ref.		Ref.
Medium	4.1 (0.9)	< 0.0001	2.2 (0.9)	0.0184
High	4.2 (1.5)	0.0069	2.2 (1.6)	0.1868
Economic status
Poor	Ref.		Ref.
Medium	8.6 (1.2)	< 0.0001	4.2 (1.1)	< 0.0001
Good	12.5 (1.5)	< 0.0001	6.0 (1.4)	0.0001
Family relationship
Poor	Ref.		Ref.
Neutral l	10.8 (1.9)	< 0.0001	9.9 (1.8)	< 0.0001
Harmonious	21.7 (1.8)	< 0.0001	18.8 (1.8)	< 0.0001
Perception of school achievement
Bad	Ref.		Ref.
Medium	6.2 (1.0)	< 0.0001	4.0 (0.9)	< 0.0001
Fair	7.5 (1.0)	< 0.0001	4.2 (0.9)	< 0.0001

^a Unadjusted model: multiple linear regression models with QOL scores as the dependent variable, health literacy levels as the independent variable, adjusting for no characteristic
^b Fully adjusted model: adjusting for all covariates, including sex, grade, place of residence, whether an only child, parents’ education level, household income, family relationship, student’s perception of school achievement, and health literacy levels

ISSN: 1471-2458