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Table 4 Univariate random effects meta-regression (methods of moments) and subgroup analyses for GENDER (female)

From: Determinants of participation in voluntary work: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies

 

Subgroup analyses

Results from meta-regression

Results

Heterogeneity

Variable

Subgroup

Number of studies

OR

95% CI

P-value

I 2

Coefficient

SD

P-value

Outcome measurement

Mixed

2

1.224

0.895–1.674

0.800

0%

Reference

Formal

9 (13 different samples)

1.061

0.907–1.243

0.000

89%

−0.1424

0.2379

0.550

Proportion of volunteers (%) in baseline study sample

Continuous

9a (13 different samples)

1.099

0.917–1.317

0.000

89%

0.0004

0.0003

0.177

0–100%

8

1.038

0.805–1.268

0.000

93%

Reference

  

0%

2 (3 different samples)

0.918

0.808–1.043

0.836

0%

−0.0689

0.2266

0.761

100%

3 (4 different samples)

1.306

1.000–1.705

0.296

19%

0.2926

0.2156

0.175

Mean age at baseline

Continuous

10b (13 different samples)

1.109

0.920–1.337

0.000

86%

−0.0000

0.0006

0.952

≤ 55 years

6 (8 different samples)

1.136

0.939–1.374

0.000

85%

Reference

  

>  55 years

6 (7 different samples)

1.023

0.765–1.367

0.000

90%

−0.1296

0.1695

0.445

Continent

USA

6

1.279

1.120–1.460

0.063

52%

Reference

Europe

5 (9 different samples)

0.906

0.770–1.067

0.000

77%

−0.3531

0.1135

0.002

Year of baseline measurement

Continuous

11c (15 different samples)

1.078

0.931–1.249

0.000

88%

0.0008

0.0126

0.951

<  2006

9 (11 different samples)

1.083

0.924–1.270

0.000

91%

Reference

  

≥ 2006

3 (4 different samples)

1.084

0.775–1.516

0.474

0%

−0.0301

0.2334

0.897

Risk of bias items

 Study participation

Unclear/high risk of bias

9 (11 different samples)

1.025

0.871–1.205

0.000

89%

Reference

Low risk of bias

3 (4 different samples)

1.288

1.094–1.515

0.383

2%

0.2436

0.1809

0.178

 Study confounding

Unclear/high risk of bias

1

1.174

0.748–1.842

N.A.

N.A.

Reference

Low risk of bias

10 (14 different samples)

1.073

0.922–1.250

0.000

89%

−0.0898

0.3302

0.786

  1. aThe studies of Ajrouch et al. (2014) and Voorpostel & Coffé (2014) are not included in this analysis, because the proportion of volunteers (%) in the baseline study sample is not reported
  2. bThe study of Hank & Erlinghagen (2010) is not included in this analysis, because the mean age at baseline is not reported
  3. cThe study of Broese van Groenou & Van Tilburg (2012) includes two different samples in the analyses. For one of the samples, the year of baseline measurement is 1992, for the other sample, the year of baseline measurement is 2002. No separate results for the two samples are provided. In this specific analysis, we took 1992 as the year of baseline measurement, although this actually only is the case for the first sample
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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