Skip to main content

Table 3 Univariate random effects meta-regression (methods of moments) and subgroup analyses for AGE

From: Determinants of participation in voluntary work: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies

 

Subgroup analyses

Results from meta-regression

Results

Heterogeneity

Variable

Subgroup

Number of studies

OR

95% CI

P-value

I 2

Coefficient

SD

P-value

Outcome measurement

Mixed

2

0.986

0.959–1.013

0.037

77%

Reference

Formal

9 (12 different samples)

0.969

0.946–0.992

0.000

89%

−0.0168

0.0251

0.504

Determinant measurement

Dichotomous

1 (2 different samples)

0.485

0.385–0.611

0.248

25%

Reference

Continuous

10 (12 different samples)

0.983

0.969–0.996

0.000

78%

0.7122

0.1014

0.000

Proportion of volunteers (%) in baseline study sample

Continuous

10a (13 different samples)

0.970

0.950–0.991

0.000

88%

0.0000

0.0001

0.591

0–100%

9 (11 different samples)

0.985

0.971–0.999

0.000

79%

Reference

  

0%

1

0.440

0.343–0.565

N.A.

N.A.

−0.8053

0.1292

0.000

100%

2

0.747

0.444–1.256

0.001

91%

−0.0500

0.0292

0.087

Mean age at baseline

Continuous

10b (12 different samples)

0.983

0.969–0.996

0.000

78%

−0.0000

0.0000

0.200

≤ 55 years

5 (6 different samples)

0.991

0.975–1.007

0.000

79%

Reference

  

>  55 years

6 (8 different samples)

0.944

0.904–0.986

0.000

89%

−0.0296

0.0198

0.135

Continent

USA

6

0.978

0.959–0.998

0.001

77%

Reference

Europe

5 (8 different samples)

0.966

0.933–1.000

0.000

91%

−0.0026

0.0210

0.900

Year of baseline measurement

Continuous

11 (14 different samples)

0.989

0.984–0.995

0.000

87%

0.0006

0.0014

0.686

<  2006

8 (10 different samples)

0.970

0.948–0.993

0.000

91%

Reference

  

≥ 2006

3 (4 different samples)

0.975

0.959–0.991

0.388

1%

0.0110

0.0230

0.631

Risk of bias items

 Study participation

Unclear/high risk of bias

9 (12 different samples)

0.975

0.956–0.995

0.000

88%

Reference

Low risk of bias

2

0.858

0.623–1.192

0.000

93%

−0.0099

0.0315

0.754

 Study confounding

Unclear/high risk of bias

1

1.000

0.981–1.020

N.A.

N.A.

Reference

Low risk of bias

10 (13 different samples)

0.970

0.950–0.991

0.000

88%

−0.0303

0.0331

0.360

  1. aThe study of Ajrouch et al. (2014) is not included in this analysis, because the proportion of volunteers (%) in the baseline study sample is not reported
  2. bThe study of Hank & Erlinghagen (2010) is not included in this analysis, because the mean age at baseline is not reported