Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Country | Participants | Number of participants, n (% male) | Mean age at baseline (SD) | Comparator | Intervention | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bennett et al., 2007 [38] | USA | Physically underactive cancer survivors | 56 (10%) | 57.8 ± 9.9 | Advice to maintain regular physical activity | 4 × 20 min telephone calls | Physical Activity: CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire |
Conn et al., 2003 [39] | USA | Females | 190 (0%) | 75.0 ± 6.7 | Standard care emphasizing benefits of exercise. | 1 group session plus 2 1:1 sessionsa | Physical Activity: Baecke Physical Activity Scale |
Greaves et al., 2008 [40] | UK | Community-dwelling adults | 141 (42%) | 51.9 (NS) | Standardised information pack promoting diet and physical activity. | 11 × 30 min 1:1 sessions | Anthropometric: Measured waist circumference Physical Activity: Modifiable Activity Questionnaire |
Groeneveld et al., 2011 [41] | Holland | Male construction workers | 816 (100%) | 46.5 ± 9.0 | Standard care, consisting of brief oral or written information from the occupational physician about their CVD risk | 3 × 45 min 1:1 sessions plus 4 × 15 min telephone calls | Anthropometric: Measured body massPhysical Activity: Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity |
Janssen et al., 2014 [42] | Holland | Former cardiac rehabilitation patients | 210 (80%) | 57.7 ± 9.2 | 1-h individual interview with a health psychologist. No motivational interviewing techniques were used | 7 × 2 h group sessions plus 1 × 1:1 sessiona | Anthropometric: Measured waist circumference Physical Activity: Pedometers |
Knittle et al., 2015 [43] | Holland | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis | 78 (33%) | 62.0 ± 11.7 | A small group educational session around the importance of physical activity for people with rheumatoid arthritis | 1 group sessiona plus 3 × 60 min 1:1 sessions and 3 × 20 min telephone calls | Physical Activity: Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity |
Lakerveld et al., 2013 [32] | Holland | People at risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes | 22 (41%) | 43.5 ± 5.3 | Received brochures containing health guidelines regarding physical activity | 6 × 30 min 1:1 plus 3 × 30 min telephone calls | Physical Activity: Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity |
Marques et al., 2017 [44] | Portugal | Chronic fatigue | 91 (4%) | 48.1 ± 10.9 | Routine consultations with assistant physician and received a flyer with information about general physical activity | 2 × 1:1 sessions plus 2 x telephone callsa | Anthropometric: Measured waist circumference Physical Activity: Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity |
Martens et al., 2012 [45] | USA | College students | 70 (18%) | 19.6 ± 2.3 | Participants received informational packets about exercise | 1 × 30 min 1:1 session: | Physical Activity: 7-day recall self-reported physical activity |
Murphy et al., 2013 [46] | Australia | Patients with cardiovascular disease | 275 (86%) | 59.0 ± 9.1 | Usual medical care | 8 × 90 min 1:1 sessions | Physical Activity: 8-item Active Australia Survey |