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Table 3 Covariates associated with current tobacco use in Kenya

From: Tobacco use and its determinants in the 2015 Kenya WHO STEPS survey

Current tobacco use

Crude Odds Ratioa

Adjusted Odds Ratioa

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Sex

 Female

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Male

7.11 (5.65, 8.93)

0.000

7.63 (5.63, 10.33)

< 0.001

Age group

 18–29

1.00

 

1.00

 

 30–39

1.65 (1.32, 2.06)

0.000

1.33 (0.91, 1.94)

0.137

 40–49

1.78 (1.39, 2.28)

0.000

1.13 (0.74, 1.72)

0.585

 50–59

2.06 (1.55, 2.72)

0.000

1.76 (1.14, 2.74)

0.011

 60–69

2.55 (1.81, 3.58)

0.000

0.81 (0.45, 1.46)

0.481

Education level

 No formal education

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Primary complete

0.74 (0.59, 0.94)

0.015

0.29 (0.20, 0.43)

< 0.001

 Secondary and above

0.40 (0.31, 0.52)

0.000

0.11 (0.07, 0.17)

< 0.001

Residence

 Urban

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Rural

1.00 (0.84, 1.19)

0.971

0.65 (0.49, 0.86)

0.003

Occupation

 Unemployed

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Employed

1.22 (1.02, 1.46)

0.029

0.67 (0.52, 0.85)

0.001

Ever used alcohol

 No

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

6.17 (5.03, 7.58)

0.000

3.36 (2.52, 4.48)

< 0.001

Episodic alcohol drinking

 No alcohol

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Binge drinking

8.75 (7.18, 10.65)

0.000

1.36 (0.56, 3.34)

0.499

 Non-heavy drinking

2.82 (1.97, 4.04)

0.000

0.28 (0.03, 2.38)

0.246

Wealth band

 Poorest

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Second

0.68 (0.53, 0.88)

0.003

0.68 (0.45, 1.04)

0.072

 Middle

0.71 (0.54, 0.92)

0.010

0.58 (0.37, 0.91)

0.019

 Fourth

0.65 (0.50, 0.86)

0.002

0.61 (0.38, 0.97)

0.037

 Richest

0.51 (0.39, 0.66)

0.000

0.63 (0.38, 1.06)

0.082

Marital status

 Not married

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Married

0.92 (0.75, 1.14)

0.469

0.69 (0.51, 0.93)

0.015

 Formerly married

2.17 (1.65, 2.85)

0.000

2.10 (1.41, 3.11)

< 0.001

  1. Key: aAll sociodemographic variables (except occupation) were included in final regression models if found to be statistically significant. This was true except for occupation given the original coding of the variable in the survey that was not felt to be meaningful for our study. The variable sex was maintained in the three models, even though it was only found to have a statistically significant relationship with daily tobacco use given the hypothesized importance of the role of sex on tobacco use