Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and their determinants: results from a national survey in Kenya

Table 4 Factors associated with hypertension, overall and by sex

Indicator	Both		Male		Female
Indicator	Adjusted OR	P-value*	Adjusted OR	P-value*	Adjusted OR	P-value*
Age years (Ref: [18,19,20,21,22,23,24])	1.00		1.00		1.00
25–29	1.17 [0.78,1.77]	< 0.001	1.28 [0.73,2.24]	< 0.001	1.02 [0.57,1.83]	< 0.001
30–34	1.24 [0.77,1.99]		1.49 [0.84,2.64]		1.00 [0.51,1.96]
35–39	1.99 [1.27,3.11]		2.09 [1.11,3.93]		1.79 [1.04,3.06]
40–44	2.80 [1.77,4.45]		2.59 [1.24,5.41]		2.96 [1.57,5.56]
45–49	3.32 [2.16,5.09]		2.57 [1.17,5.64]		4.16 [2.44,7.09]
50–59	5.41 [3.60,8.12]		4.36 [2.33,8.16]		6.43 [4.04,10.23]
60–69	8.10 [5.26,12.47]		6.18 [3.16,12.08]		10.92 [5.91,20.18]
Self-reported fat intake (Ref: Good)	1.00		1.00		1.00
High	1.06 [0.85,1.33]	0.596	1.00 [0.70,1.43]	0.989	1.17 [0.92,1.48]	0.210
High salt consumption (Ref: No)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.86 [0.66,1.12]	0.262	0.85 [0.56,1.30]	0.455	0.89 [0.63,1.25]	0.491
Body mass index (Ref: Normal)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Underweight	0.71 [0.49,1.03]	< 0.001	0.93 [0.57,1.51]	0.001	0.49 [0.29,0.83]	< 0.001
Overweight	1.73 [1.30,2.30]		2.08 [1.31,3.29]		1.53 [1.05,2.23]
Obese	2.75 [2.02,3.76]		2.27 [1.40,3.69]		2.86 [1.81,4.53]
Harmful use of alcohol (Ref: No)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	1.54 [1.07,2.21]	< 0.05	1.65 [1.11,2.47]	< 0.05	0.93 [0.44,1.97]	0.843
Insufficient physical activity (Ref: No)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	1.04 [0.73,1.48]	0.834	0.96 [0.55,1.65]	0.873	1.15 [0.77,1.71]	0.503
Current tobacco use (Ref: No)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	0.91 [0.66,1.26]	0.559	0.85 [0.60,1.20]	0.347	1.46 [0.86,2.50]	0.163
Sex (Ref: Female)	1.00
Male	1.10 [0.90,1.33]	0.341
N	4238		1741		2497

The models adjusted for place of residence, education status, marital status, province and wealth status; italicized estimates are significant; *this is the overall p-value for the association between the dependent and independent variables.

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