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Table 1 Hypertension prevalence by sex, Samoa, 1991–2013^

From: Continued increases in blood pressure over two decades in Samoa (1991–2013); around one-third of the increase explained by rising obesity levels

Year

N

HT (%)

Systolic BP

Diastolic BP

Men

 1991a

691

16.4 (13.6–19.1)

121.7 (120.5–123.0)

74.1 (73.2–74.9)

 1991b

347

22.2 (17.2–27.2)

 1995

256

29.7 (23.0–36.4)

 2002

1197

22.4 (20.1–24.8)

129.8 (128.9–130.7)

75.3 (74.6–76.1)

 2003

316

30.8 (25.8–35.9)

126.6 (124.8–128.5)

84.0 (82.6–85.3)

 2010

1390

28.8 (26.4–31.2)

130.4 (129.6–131.2)

80.6 (80.0–81.3)

 2013

581

33.9 (30.0–37.7)

132.2 (130.8–133.6)

78.2 (77.2–79.2)

5-yr change

+ 2.78* (2.47–2.95)

+ 2.13* (1.79–2.46)

+ 1.44* (1.17–1.70)

Women

 1991a

833

14.0 (11.6–16.4)

118.4 (117.3–119.6)

72.8 (72.1–73.6)

 1991b

384

15.1 (11.1–19.1)

 1995

275

14.8 (9.56–18.0)

 2002

1346

19.3 (17.2–21.4)

121.4 (120.3–122.4)

74.2 (73.5–74.9)

 2003

367

25.6 (21.1–30.0)

122.0 (120.1–123.8)

81.5 (80.3–82.7)

 2010

2031

25.5 (23.4–27.2)

123.0 (122.2–123.8)

80.6 (80.0–81.1)

 2013

867

26.4 (23.4–29.3)

126.4 (125.0–127.7)

78.3 (77.4–79.1)

5-yr change

+ 2.99* (2.86–3.79)

+ 1.49* (1.15–1.84)

+ 1.79* (1.56–2.02)

  1. 1991a (NCDRF survey); 1991b (SACRF survey); *p < 0.001; 95% confidence intervals in brackets after the estimate; BP (blood pressure); HT (hypertension = systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg and/or taking medication for HT); N (number of participants in stratum); ^ data adjusted to the most recent previous census for age group and Division of residency by sex to improve representativeness; 5-yr change (represents the change in each 5 year period from meta-regression for HT and linear regression for BP means); mean BP not available for 1991b and 1995 surveys because of exclusions (see methods)