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Table 2 Effect of intervention on anthropometric and body measurements (ITT)

From: Effects of alternate day calorie restriction and exercise on cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: an exploratory randomized controlled study

Variables

Group

Baseline

Week 8

Change

p-value

Body weight (kg)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

74.0 ± 13.7

70.7 ± 14.2a

− 3.3 ± 2.4

0.064

ADCR (n = 13)

74.1 ± 11.5

71.7 ± 11.0b

− 2.4 ± 3.1

Exercise (n = 10)

83.2 ± 16.7

81.8 ± 16.3

− 1.4 ± 2.1

Control (n = 10)

70.8 ± 13.6

70.2 ± 13.8

− 0.6 ± 1.3

BMI (kg/m2)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

27.5 ± 2.6

26.3 ± 3.1a

− 1.3 ± 1.0c

0.036

ADCR (n = 13)

27.6 ± 2.8

26.7 ± 2.5b

− 0.9 ± 1.3

Exercise (n = 10)

28.3 ± 4.1

27.9 ± 4.2b

− 0.5 ± 0.6

Control (n = 10)

26.3 ± 3.1

26.2 ± 3.0

−0.1 ± 0.5

WC (cm)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

90.5 ± 6.6

86.4 ± 8.5a

−4.1 ± 3.9

0.267

ADCR (n = 13)

91.6 ± 7.9

89.4 ± 8.3b

− 2.2 ± 3.6

Exercise (n = 10)

95.5 ± 11.9

92.6 ± 12.0b

− 2.9 ± 3.8

Control (n = 10)

88.5 ± 7.6

87.0 ± 8.9

− 1.5 ± 1.9

Muscle mass (kg)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

27.2 ± 7.4

26.8 ± 7.5b

− 0.4 ± 0.5

0.696

ADCR (n = 13)

26.6 ± 4.8

26.1 ± 4.6

− 0.5 ± 0.9

Exercise (n = 10)

32.3 ± 7.2

32.1 ± 6.8

− 0.1 ± 0.9

Control (n = 10)

26.5 ± 5.8

26.3 ± 6.1

− 0.2 ± 0.7

Fat mass (kg)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

25.0 ± 4.6

22.3 ± 5.4a

− 2.7 ± 2.0c

0.036

ADCR (n = 13)

26.0 ± 5.5

24.3 ± 6.4

− 1.6 ± 2.3

Exercise (n = 10)

25.8 ± 7.2

24.5 ± 7.1

− 1.2 ± 1.9

Control (n = 10)

22.9 ± 5.5

22.6 ± 5.7

−0.3 ± 1.3

Percent body fat (%)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

34.2 ± 6.1

31.8 ± 6.8a

− 2.5 ± 2.2c

0.071

ADCR (n = 13)

34.9 ± 4.6

33.6 ± 6.6b

−1.26 ± 2.4

Exercise (n = 10)

31.0 ± 5.0

29.9 ± 4.4

− 1.1 ± 1.8

Control (n = 10)

32.2 ± 4.4

32.2 ± 5.0

−0.1 ± 1.5

SBP (mmHg)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

120.8 ± 11.9

117.5 ± 10.4

− 3.3 ± 8.3

0.389

ADCR (n = 13)

119.6 ± 16.7

117.9 ± 17.1

−1.8 ± 5.8

Exercise (n = 10)

125.3 ± 16.8

119.5 ± 10.3

−5.8 ± 8.8

Control (n = 10)

117.3 ± 14.4

117.3 ± 14.6

0.0 ± 8.1

DBP (mmHg)

E-ADCR (n = 12)

80.3 ± 11.3

77.9 ± 7.9

−2.3 ± 4.6

0.337

ADCR (n = 13)

78.1 ± 14.0

77.0 ± 12.8

−1.4 ± 8.6

Exercise (n = 10)

83.5 ± 8.7

79.8 ± 10.5

−3.7 ± 8.3

Control (n = 10)

78.1 ± 10.2

79.9 ± 10.8

1.8 ± 5.0

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD
  2. E-ADCR Exercise plus alternate day calorie restriction, ADCR Alternate day calorie restriction, BMI Body mass index, WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HR Heart rate, HOMA-IR Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, TG Triglycerides, TC Total cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  3. aSignificantly different between baseline and week 8, p < 0.01
  4. bSignificantly different between baseline and week 8, p < 0.05
  5. cSignificantly different with the control group, p < 0.05; p values were obtained by One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis
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