Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Variables | E-ADCR | ADCR | Exercise | Control | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 12 | 13 | 10 | 10 | Â |
Sex (F, M) | 7, 5 | 10, 3 | 3, 7 | 6, 4 | 0.170 |
Age (years) | 37.3 ± 7.3 | 32.9 ± 7.3 | 35.7 ± 7.9 | 40.6 ± 10.0 | 0.168 |
Height (cm) | 163.2 ± 9.2 | 163.5 ± 7.1 | 170.8 ± 7.7 | 163.3 ± 6.9 | 0.086 |
Body weight (kg) | 74.0 ± 13.7 | 74.1 ± 11.5 | 83.2 ± 16.7 | 70.8 ± 13.6 | 0.227 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 2.6 | 27.6 ± 2.8 | 28.3 ± 4.1 | 26.3 ± 3.0 | 0.548 |
Muscle mass (kg) | 27.2 ± 7.4 | 26.6 ± 4.8 | 32.3 ± 7.2 | 26.5 ± 5.8 | 0.136 |
Fat mass (kg) | 25.0 ± 4.6 | 25.9 ± 5.5 | 25.8 ± 7.2 | 22.9 ± 5.5 | 0.601 |
Percent body fat (%) | 34.2 ± 6.1 | 34.9 ± 4.6 | 31.0 ± 5.0 | 32.2 ± 4.4 | 0.258 |
WC (cm) | 90.5 ± 6.6 | 91.6 ± 7.9 | 95.5 ± 11.9 | 88.5 ± 7.5 | 0.328 |
SBP (mmHg) | 120.8 ± 11.9 | 119.6 ± 16.7 | 125.3 ± 16.8 | 117.3 ± 14.4 | 0.683 |
DBP (mmHg) | 80.3 ± 11.3 | 78.1 ± 14.0 | 83.5 ± 8.7 | 78.1 ± 10.2 | 0.668 |
HR (bpm) | 78.4 ± 10.8 | 78.2 ± 9.4 | 74.2 ± 11.2 | 72.5 ± 12.6 | 0.511 |
Insulin (uIU/ml) | 9.4 ± 3.5 | 9.3 ± 4.1 | 7.5 ± 3.6 | 8.5 ± 6.2 | 0.741 |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 98.0 ± 17.0 | 90.0 ± 9.5 | 93.0 ± 8.0 | 87.0 ± 5.4 | 0.131 |
HOMA-IR | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.595 |
TG (mg/dl) | 133.4 ± 47.1 | 108.8 ± 48.7 | 142.7 ± 78.3 | 109.5 ± 86.8 | 0.543 |
TC (mg/dl) | 182.8 ± 26.0 | 189.8 ± 23.9 | 177.8 ± 33.4 | 178.5 ± 38.0 | 0.757 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 48.0 ± 10.4 | 58.5 ± 15.0 | 44.8 ± 9.9 | 54.6 ± 11.8 | 0.041 |