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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and intergroup comparison

From: Casual alcohol consumption is associated with less subclinical cardiovascular organ damage in Koreans: a cross-sectional study

Variables

All (n = 1004)

Group 0 (n = 487)

Group 1 (n = 178)

Group 2 (n = 339)

p-value

all

Group 0 vs. Group 1

Group 0 vs. Group 2

Group 1 vs. Group 2

Clinical parameters

 Age, years

53 ± 10

55 ± 11

50 ± 9

51 ± 9

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.539

 Male sex, n (%)

721 (72)

330 (68)

77 (43)

314 (93)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

92 (9)

51 (10)

9 (5)

32 (9)

0.106

0.033

0.724

0.089

 Hypertension, n (%)

254 (25)

124 (32)

30 (17)

100 (29)

0.008

0.022

0.204

0.002

 Smoking, n (%)

487 (49)

181 (37)

59 (33)

247 (73)

< 0.001

0.464

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

25 ± 3

25 ± 3

24 ± 3

25 ± 3

< 0.001

0.031

0.082

< 0.001

 Systolic BP (mmHg)

123 ± 14

123 ± 14

120 ± 16

125 ± 14

< 0.001

0.034

0.042

< 0.001

 Diastolic BP (mmHg)

76 ± 11

75 ± 10

74 ± 11

80 ± 10

< 0.001

0.131

< 0.001

< 0.001

Laboratory parameters

 Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

94 ± 23

93 ± 22

91 ± 22

97 ± 24

0.008

0.580

0.037

0.013

 HbA1c (%)

5.7 ± 0.8

5.8 ± 0.9

5.6 ± 0.8

5.7 ± 0.7

0.191

0.164

0.847

0.369

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

14 ± 4

15 ± 4

14 ± 4

14 ± 4

0.207

0.229

0.462

0.794

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.4

< 0.001

0.027

0.004

< 0.001

 Aspartate transaminase (U/L)

29 ± 21

28 ± 14

26 ± 11

32 ± 32

0.001

0.528

0.004

0.002

 Alanine transaminase (U/L)

33 ± 31

32 ± 26

28 ± 20

36 ± 39

0.011

0.293

0.125

0.010

 Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

62 ± 17

64 ± 17

61 ± 15

60 ± 17

0.003

0.073

0.004

0.923

 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L)

53 ± 76

38 ± 39

38 ± 62

83 ± 108

< 0.001

0.993

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.8 ± 1.6

5.6 ± 1.4

5.4 ± 1.4

6.3 ± 1.7

< 0.001

0.250

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

196 ± 38

193 ± 37

198 ± 41

197 ± 36

0.232

0.327

0.362

0.949

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

138 ± 107

125 ± 78

125 ± 126

163 ± 125

< 0.001

0.998

< 0.001

< 0.001

 High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

50 ± 12

49 ± 11

52 ± 13

51 ± 13

0.005

0.005

0.131

0.309

 Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

121 ± 36

121 ± 36

123 ± 39

119 ± 34

0.472

0.786

0.730

0.452

 High-sensitivity CRP (mg/L)

0.15 ± 0.36

0.15 ± 0.34

0.14 ± 0.28

0.17 ± 0.42

0.531

0.959

0.617

0.597

Organ damage assessment

 Coronary calcium score

40 ± 144

44 ± 155

13 ± 48

50 ± 159

0.016

0.039

0.890

0.015

 Ankle-brachial PWV (cm/s)

1429 ± 259

1448 ± 284

1340 ± 190

1447 ± 245

0.001

0.001

1.000

0.002

 Carotid intima-media thickness (mm)

0.63 ± 0.13

0.64 ± 0.14

0.59 ± 0.11

0.63 ± 0.13

0.030

0.022

0.668

0.125

 Fatty liver on ultrasound, n (%)

502 (50)

245 (50)

73 (41)

184 (54)

0.018

0.042

0.255

0.005

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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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