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Table 4 Association of various factors with pneumonia

From: Reported incidence and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in India: a community-based cross-sectional study

Factors

 

Pneumonia

 

Yes

No

Total

Colour of ration card

Orange and yellow

237

2924

3161

Others(white, no card missing info.)

44

466

510

Ventilation status(n = 3520)

Adequate

9

114

123

Inadequate

263

3134

3397

Presence of overcrowding(n = 3651)

Yes

203

2293

2496

No

78

1077

1155

Indoor smoking by family member (n = 3650)

Yes

14

117

281

No

267

3252

3519

Type of fuel for cooking(n = 3655)

Clean

227

2892

3119

unclean

54

482

536

Area(n = 3671)

Urban

135

1699

1834

Rural

146

1691

1837

Sex of child

M

163

1776

1939

F

118

1614

1732

Immunisation status*(n = 639)

Full

64

541

605

Partial

8

26

34

Measles immunisation(n = 653)

Yes

68

561

629

No

3

21

24

Exclusive Breast Feeding(n = 445)

Upto 6 months

17

189

206

> = 6 months

14

225

239

Birth weight (n = 636)

> = 2.5 kg

37

400

437

< 2.5 kg

06

193

199

Nurtitional status (n = 3589)

Wasting/severe wasting

82

906

988

Normal

188

2354

2542

Awareness that malnurishment is a risk factor for pneumonia (n = 3589)

Yes

12

173

185

No

268

3212

3480

Awareness that poor hand hygiene is a risk factor for pneumonia (n = 3526)

Yes

7

76

83

No

273

3309

3582

Awareness that indoor air pollution and overcrowding are risk factors for pneumonia (n = 3589)*

Yes

192

2027

2219

No

88

1358

1446

Handwash

After at least 3 or four occasions (n = 3665)

Yes

21

246

267

No

259

3139

3398

Mothers awareness about symptoms of Pneumonia (n = 3189)*

Yes

80

431

511

No

200

2954

3154

Mothers awareness about symptoms of severe Pneumonia (n = 3189)*

Yes

43

180

183

No

237

3205

3506

  1. * Statistically significant; χ2 test (p < 0.05)