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Table 2 Relevant Legislations Examined in the Included Studies

From: A systematic review of compliance with indoor tanning legislation

First Author (Year)

Country (State)

Relevant Legislation

(Year of Implementation)

Legislation Requirements Examined in the Study

Brouse (2011) [37]

US (NY)

21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

1040.20 (1985)

Each sunlamp product must have a warning labelb

The warning label must be “permanently affixed or inscribed on an exterior surface of the product when fully assembled for use so as to be legible and readily accessible to view by the person being exposed immediately before the use of the product.”

Choy (2017) [23]

US (14 states)

FTC: Indoor Tanning

State of California, Section 22706 of the Business and Professions Code (2012)

Connecticut General Statutes Section 19a-232 (2012)

DC Act 20–549 (2014)

Delaware Code Chapter 30D (2015)

Hawaii Revised Statutes 321–12.2 (2015)

Illinois Part 795 Tanning Facilities Code (2014)

Louisiana State Legislature Act 193 (2014)

Minnesota statutes. Regulation of tanning facilities. 325H.0858 (2014)

Nevada Revised Statute 597.7617 (2013)

New York Public Health Law 3555 (2012)

Oregon Health Authority Public Health Division Chapter 333–119-0090 (2013)

Tex. Health and Safety Code Ann. 145.008 (2013)

Vermont 18 V.S.A. 1513 (2012)

Washington State Legislature Chapter 18.370 Tanning Facilities (2013)

Ban under 17: CT, NY

Ban under 18: CA, DE, DC, HI, IL, LA, MN, NV, OR, TX, VT, WA

Prohibit false or misleading health claims about IT

Culley (2001) [33]

US (CA)

Filante Tanning Facility Act (1988)

21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1040.20 (1985)

Parental consent for ages 14–18

Protective eyewear provided and required for facility use

Warning sign posted in tanning area

Warning sign legible, accessible, correctb

Danger labels present

Danger statement legible, accessible, correct

Other (exposure) labels present

Other (exposure) labels legible, accessible, correct

De Maleissye (2011) [38]

France

Decret no 97–617 relatif a` la vente et a` la mise a` disposition du public de certains appareils de bronzage utilisant des rayonnements ultraviolets. (1997)

‘Black box’ legal warning: ‘Artificial ultraviolet radiation may damage the skin and eyes. These biological effects depend on the type and intensity of the radiation dose and on individual skin sensitivity (skin phototype)’.

Claiming any beneficial health effect of IT is forbidden

Fleischer (1993) [34]

US (NC)

15A NCAC, Section 1400 (1990)

21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1040.20 (1985)

Minor consent form for parental/guardian signature available and in use

Protective eyewear available and compliant

Ultraviolet light warning signs easily viewed by customer, posted within 1 m of tanning stations, and text compliant with statute

Equipment compliant with federal regulations, has product labelsb

Consumer statement outlining risks available for customer to sign

Forster (2006) [30]

US (MN, MA)

Massachusetts statutes. Tanning facilities. 105 SMR Vol 123 (1994)

Minnesota statutes. Regulation of tanning facilities. 325H (1993)

Parental consent through signing a required warning statement in person, witnessed by an employee, before the initial tanning session (16 years in MN, 14–17 years in MA)

Parental accompaniment required under 14 in MA

Gorig (2018) [36]

Germany

Regulation of hazardous artificial ultraviolet radiation (2012)

Provide and require use of protective eyewear

Determine the skin type of the customer

Provision of information on the hazards and health risks of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (in oral and written formats)

Grewal (2013) [24]

US (CA)

State of California, Section 22706 of the Business and Professions Code (2012)

Ban under 18

Must sign a statement with acknowledgment of risks

Ban of claims that state IT is safe or have any known health benefits

Limited exposure times

Heilig (2005) [40]

US (CO, IL, TX, WI)

Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment. Artificial tanning device regulations (Section 25–5-106) (1989)

Illinois Department of Public Health. Tanning facilities code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 795) (1992)

Texas Department of Health. Rules for licensure of tanning facilities (25 Texas Administrative Code, 229.341–357) (2002)

Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations. Chapter 255: Chronic disease and injuries (s. 255.08) (2001)

Required to give copy of warning statement (not signed): CO

Require a signed warning statement: IL, TX, WI

Hester (2005) [25]

US (CO, IL, TX, WI)

Illinois Department of Public Health. Tanning facilities code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 795) (1992)

Texas Department of Health. Rules for licensure of tanning facilities (25 Texas Administrative Code, 229.341–357) (2002)

Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations. Chapter 255: Chronic disease and injuries (s. 255.08) (2001)

Ban under 13: TX

Ban under 14: IL

Ban under 16: WI

Parental consent 14–17 in IL, and 16–17 in TX

Parental accompaniment 13–15 in TX

Hurd (2006) [35]

US (CA)

Filante Tanning Facility Act (1988)

Parental consent under 18

Parental accompaniment under 14

Makin (2011) [31]

Australia (Victoria)

Victorian Government. Radiation Amendment (Tanning Units and Fees) Under section 139 of the Radiation Act (2008)

Ban under 18

Protective eyewear must be worn

Require a signed warning statement which says that exposure to UV radiation contributes to skin cancer

Set a minimum of 48 h between exposures

Ban individuals with skin type 1

Pichon (2009) [26]

US (50 states)

State level legislation for the included states (States with youth access legislation as of 2006)c

Ban under 16: WI

Parental consent: AZ, CA, FL, GA, IL, IN, LA, ME, MA, MI, MN, MS, NH, NC, OH, OR, RI, SC, TN, TX

Parental accompaniment: IN, TX

Salomone (2009) [29]

Chile

Reglamento de Solariums o Camas Solares. Decreto No. 70/06 (2007)

Age limits must be stated

Parental consent under 18

Provide and require the use of protective eyewear

Warning signs must be present in the reception and tanning areas

Require a signed warning statement about the risks of IT

Tripp (2017) [27]

US (TX)

Tex. Health and Safety Code Ann. 145.008 (2013)

Ban under 18

Williams (2018) [28]

US (42 states and DC)

State level legislation for the included states (States with youth access legislation as of 2015/2016)c

Ban under 14: GA, ID, ME, ND, WV

Ban under 15: AL

Ban under 16: PA, WI

Ban under 17: CT, NJ, NY

Ban under 18: CA, DE, DC, HI, IL, LA, MN, NV, NH, NC, OR, TX, VT, WA

Parental consent under 15: VA

Parental consent under 18: AZ, AR, MD, MI, MS, OH, RI, SC

Parental accompaniment under 14: KY, MA, MS, TN

Parental accompaniment under 15: WY

Parental accompaniment under 16: NB, IN

Parental accompaniment under 18: UT

  1. AL Alabama, AR Arkansas, AZ Arizona, CA California, CO Colorado, CT Connecticut, DC District of Columbia, DE Delaware, FL Florida, GA Georgia, HI Hawaii, ID Idaho, IL Illinois, LA Louisiana, MA Massachusetts, MD Maryland, ME Maine, MI Michigan, MN Minnesota, MS Mississippi, NC North Carolina, ND North Dakota, NH New Hampshire, NJ New Jersey, NV Nevada, NY New York, OH Ohio, OR Oregon, PA Pennsylvania, RI Rhode Island, SC South Carolina, TN Tennessee, TX Texas, UT Utah, VA Virginia, VT Vermont, WA Washington, WI Wisconsin, WV West Virginia
  2. bThis regulation requires each sunlamp product to have a label that contains a warning statement with the words: “DANGER — Ultraviolet radiation. Follow instructions. Avoid overexposure. As with natural sunlight, overexposure can cause eye and skin injury and allergic reactions. Repeated exposure may cause premature aging of the skin and skin cancer. WEAR PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR; FAILURE TO MAY RESULT IN SEVERE BURNS OR LONG-TERM INJURY TO THE EYES. Medications or cosmetics may increase your sensitivity to the ultraviolet radiation. Consult physician before using sunlamp if you are using medications or have a history of skin problems or believe yourself especially sensitive to sunlight. If you do not tan in the sun, you are unlikely to tan from the use of this product”
  3. cRelevant legislations for studies with more than 15 states are not listed. To access a detailed list of US legislations, please visit http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/indoor-tanning-restrictions.aspx