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Table 7 Stepwise Logistic Regression Predicting for Problem and Pathological Gambling compared to Recreational Gambling after Controlling for Number of Gambling Formats Engaged In (n = 6,400)

From: The importance of friends and family to recreational gambling, at-risk gambling, and problem gambling

 

Odds Ratio & 95% C.I.

Wald Statistics

p

Number of gambling formats engaged in

2.22 (1.91, 2.57)

112.6

< .0001

 Race/Ethnicity

  Other

0.90 (0.32, 2.52)

0.1

.8959

  Hispanic

0.65 (0.26, 1.62)

0.9

.1712

  Black

4.69 (2.59, 8.50)

26.3

< .0001

  White

Reference group

Reference group

Portion of friends and family regular gamblers

2.07 (1.53, 2.79)

22.8

< .0001

 Raffles

  No

2.81 (1.76, 4.49)

18.6

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

 Gender

  Male

2.29 (1.52, 3.45)

15.7

< .0001

  Female

Reference group

 Born in United States

  No

3.03 (1.73, 5.30)

15.3

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

 Education

  Beyond Bachelor’s degree

Reference group

Reference group

  High school or less

3.06 (1.57, 5.98)

11.5

< .0001

  Bachelor’s or some College

1.23 (0.64, 2.36)

0.5

.2785

  Beyond Bachelor’s degree

Reference group

Reference group

 Behavioral Addictions

  No

Reference group

9.8

< .0001

  Yes

2.05 (1.30, 3.24)

Childhood Unhappiness

1.37 (1.11, 1.70)

8.5

< .0001

 Poorer health status

1.32 (1.08, 1.61)

7.2

< .0001

  Private betting

   No

2.17 (1.23, 3.85)

7.1

< .0001

   Yes

Reference group