Table 3 Stepwise Logistic Regression Predicting for Non-Gambling compared to Recreational Gambling (n = 8,794)

Portion of Friends and Family Regular Gamblers

.64 (0.59, 0.71)

89.2

< .0001

  No

1.72 (1.53, 1.93)

85.5

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

  High School or Less

Reference group

  Bachelor’s or some College

1.07 (0.93, 1.23)

0.9

.0029

  Beyond Bachelor’s degree

1.72 (1.46, 2.03)

41.3

< .0001

  Employed

Reference group

  Unemployed

1.00 (0.75, 1.33)

0.0

.8811

  Retired

1.17 (0.98, 1.38)

3.1

< .0001

  Other^a

1.68 (1.43, 1.97)

41.1

< .0001

  35-64

Reference group

  18-34

1.60 (1.37, 1.86)

38.2

< .0001

  65+

1.34 (1.14, 1.57)

12.4

< .0001

  No

1.57 (1.33, 1.85)

28.3

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

  No

1.43 (1.24, 1.65)

25.3

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

Household Income

.97 (0.96, 0.98)

23.4

< .0001

  No

1.42 (1.20, 1.69)

16.9

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

Unhappy Childhood

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)

16.8

< .0001

  No

1.32 (1.10, 1.58)

9.0

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

  No

2.14 (1.28, 3.57)

8.5

< .0001

  Yes

Reference group

  White

Reference

  Hispanic

1.19 (0.94, 1.51)

2.1

.0048

  Black

1.44 (1.11, 1.86)

7.7

<.0001

  Asian

1.45 (1.10, 1.91)

8.0

.0017

  Other

1.54 (0.95, 2.49)

3.2

.0001