Detoxification discharge status | DAMA | Routine | Transfer to further treatment | DAMA (1) vs. routine (0) | DAMA (1) vs. transfer to further treatment (0) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size, unweighted N (weighted row %) | 36,885 (13.67%) | 208,291 (76.65%) | 25,566 (9.44%) | 219,536b | 54,832b | |||||||
Weighted column %/Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | p value‡ | AOR | (95% CI) | p value‡ |
Age group, years | ||||||||||||
 12–17 | 0.25 | (0.16–0.40) | 0.79 | (0.47–1.34) | 0.91 | (0.59–1.42) | 0.39 | (0.26–0.57) | < 0.001 | 0.34 | (0.19–0.61) | < 0.001 |
 18–25 | 16.16 | (14.42–18.07) | 13.56 | (12.41–14.79) | 13.82 | (12.51–15.24) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 26–34 | 27.20 | (25.96–28.48) | 21.94 | (20.86–23.05) | 20.51 | (19.45–21.62) | 0.98 | (0.93–1.03) | 0.469 | 1.06 | (0.98–1.16) | 0.157 |
 35–49 | 44.65 | (42.43–46.88) | 45.30 | (43.68–46.94) | 43.39 | (41.34–45.46) | 0.72 | (0.67–0.78) | < 0.001 | 0.85 | (0.76–0.94) | 0.003 |
 50–64 | 11.17 | (10.10–12.34) | 16.89 | (15.77–18.08) | 18.17 | (16.99–19.42) | 0.53 | (0.48–0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.56 | (0.49–0.63) | < 0.001 |
 65+ | 0.57 | (0.45–0.71) | 1.51 | (1.32–1.73) | 3.19 | (2.64–3.84) | 0.33 | (0.27–0.40) | < 0.001 | 0.18 | (0.14–0.24) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
 Male | 70.99 | (69.35–72.57) | 64.30 | (62.99–65.58) | 64.91 | (63.01–66.76) |  |  |  |  | ||
 Female | 28.87 | (27.29–30.49) | 35.58 | (34.31–36.87) | 35.00 | (33.16–36.89) | 0.88 | (0.85–0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.85 | (0.80–0.91) | < 0.001 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
 White, non-Hispanic | 43.23 | (38.42–48.18) | 44.48 | (40.77–48.24) | 48.73 | (44.72–52.77) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Black, non-Hispanic | 19.98 | (16.75–23.66) | 20.94 | (17.70–24.61) | 20.54 | (17.31–24.20) | 0.84 | (0.74–0.96) | 0.011 | 1.03 | (0.85–1.25) | 0.762 |
 Hispanic | 13.15 | (9.70–17.60) | 8.97 | (7.18–11.17) | 9.95 | (7.86–12.53) | 0.98 | (0.86–1.12) | 0.758 | 1.11 | (0.83–1.47) | 0.481 |
 Asian/Pacific-Islander/Native-American | 0.63 | (0.46–0.86) | 0.68 | (0.52–0.90) | 0.65 | (0.50–0.85) | 1.02 | (0.79–1.32) | 0.851 | 1.37 | (1.01–1.85) | 0.044 |
 Other races, non-Hispanic | 5.52 | (3.68–8.20) | 3.54 | (2.56–4.87) | 3.95 | (2.87–5.40) | 1.07 | (0.88–1.31) | 0.490 | 1.25 | (0.95–1.66) | 0.112 |
 Unknowna | 14.21 | (10.74-18.57) | 17.81 | (14.20–22.10) | 12.39 | (9.66–15.76) | 1.07 | (0.88–1.31) | 0.485 | 1.24 | (0.90–1.69) | 0.183 |
Household income | ||||||||||||
 Lowest quartile | 37.70 | (33.71–41.87) | 36.93 | (34.05–39.92) | 30.66 | (27.26–34.28) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 2nd quartile | 19.81 | (17.95–21.82) | 20.90 | (19.65–22.21) | 21.03 | (18.68–23.59) | 1.00 | (0.93–1.07) | 0.938 | 0.79 | (0.65–0.95) | 0.012 |
 3rd quartile | 17.03 | (15.28–18.93) | 18.65 | (17.32–20.06) | 21.62 | (18.24–25.43) | 0.93 | (0.86–1.00) | 0.055 | 0.66 | (0.51–0.86) | 0.002 |
 Highest quartile | 16.94 | (14.34–19.91) | 17.68 | (15.99–19.50) | 18.14 | (15.99–20.50) | 0.90 | (0.81–1.00) | 0.060 | 0.78 | (0.66–0.93) | 0.006 |
Primary expected payer | ||||||||||||
 Medicare | 9.08 | (8.21–10.04) | 11.98 | (11.20–12.80) | 15.13 | (13.36–17.09) | 1.62 | (1.50–1.75) | < 0.001 | 1.38 | (1.20–1.59) | < 0.001 |
 Medicaid | 47.27 | (42.00–52.60) | 38.61 | (34.70–42.67) | 39.92 | (35.29–44.74) | 1.64 | (1.49–1.81) | < 0.001 | 1.60 | (1.33–1.91) | < 0.001 |
 Private | 14.85 | (12.75–17.24) | 23.89 | (21.46–26.50) | 24.35 | (21.30–27.68) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Self-pay | 22.08 | (18.33–26.35) | 18.67 | (15.78–21.96) | 12.34 | (10.76–14.13) | 1.68 | (1.49–1.89) | < 0.001 | 2.43 | (1.94–3.06) | < 0.001 |
 Other payers | 6.57 | (4.74–9.04) | 6.62 | (5.41–8.07) | 8.07 | (5.81–11.12) | 1.70 | (1.35–2.13) | < 0.001 | 0.99 | (0.74–1.33) | 0.954 |
Hospital region | ||||||||||||
 Northeast | 58.49 | (51.60–65.06) | 40.51 | (35.16–46.09) | 51.11 | (44.61–57.58) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Midwest | 16.41 | (12.45–21.31) | 22.04 | (17.65–27.17) | 13.67 | (10.98–16.88) | 0.60 | (0.50–0.72) | < 0.001 | 1.30 | (0.89–1.90) | 0.180 |
 South | 17.01 | (12.68–22.43) | 27.08 | (22.91–31.69) | 20.37 | (16.55–24.79) | 0.53 | (0.44–0.63) | < 0.001 | 1.01 | (0.72–1.41) | 0.967 |
 West | 8.10 | (6.25–10.44) | 10.37 | (8.47–12.64) | 14.86 | (11.11–19.59) | 0.77 | (0.65–0.92) | 0.004 | 0.78 | (0.57–1.06) | 0.115 |
Hospital location | ||||||||||||
 Rural | 5.87 | (3.93–8.67) | 7.01 | (5.36–9.14) | 8.57 | (6.20–11.72) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Urban | 94.10 | (91.30–96.04) | 92.84 | (90.71–94.50) | 91.34 | (88.19–93.71) | 1.04 | (0.81–1.33) | 0.768 | 1.75 | (1.28–2.40) | < 0.001 |
Any-listed alcohol use disorder | ||||||||||||
 No | 55.93 | (51.94–59.85) | 59.05 | (55.91–62.12) | 48.59 | (45.67–51.51) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Yes | 44.07 | (40.15–48.06) | 40.95 | (37.88–44.09) | 51.41 | (48.49–54.33) | 1.13 | (1.06–1.21) | < 0.001 | 0.83 | (0.75–0.92) | < 0.001 |
Any-listed opioid use disorder | ||||||||||||
 No | 18.92 | (16.60–21.47) | 25.36 | (23.21–27.63) | 32.61 | (29.82–35.53) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Yes | 81.08 | (78.53–83.40) | 74.64 | (72.37–76.79) | 67.39 | (64.47–70.18) | 1.33 | (1.23–1.45) | < 0.001 | 1.73 | (1.49–2.02) | < 0.001 |
Any-listed any non-addiction mental health disorderc | ||||||||||||
 No | 67.58 | (65.03–70.03) | 50.19 | (47.39–52.99) | 45.03 | (41.95–48.14) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | ||
 Yes | 32.42 | (29.97–34.97) | 49.81 | (47.01–52.61) | 54.97 | (51.86–58.05) | 0.58 | (0.54–0.62) | < 0.001 | 0.46 | (0.42–0.51) | < 0.001 |