Incidence and clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected adults in Thailand: a retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable competing risk regression analyses of potential risk factors for diabetes mellitus (treating death without diabetes mellitus as a competing event)

Variables	Category	Univariable			Multivariable
Variables		SHR	[95% CI]	P value	aSHR	[95% CI]	P value
Sex	Female	1	Reference		1	Reference
Sex	Male	1.22	1.17–1.27	< 0.001	1.13	1.08–1.18	< 0.001
Age (years) at baseline	18–34	1	Reference		1	Reference
	35–44	1.88	1.78–1.99	< 0.001	1.83	1.73–1.93	< 0.001
	45–59	3.17	2.99–3.37	< 0.001	3.1	2.92–3.29	< 0.001
	≥60	4.41	3.93–4.94	< 0.001	4.32	3.85–4.84	< 0.001
History of hepatitis C infection at baseline	No	1	Reference		1	Reference
History of hepatitis C infection at baseline	Yes	1.24	0.95–1.62	0.106	1.09	0.84–1.43	0.515
Time-updated antiretroviral treatment initiation	No	1	Reference		1	Reference
Time-updated antiretroviral treatment initiation	Yes	1.26	1.19–1.35	< 0.001	1.26	1.18–1.34	< 0.001
Baseline body mass index (kg/m²) (n = 66,529)	< 25	1	Reference
Baseline body mass index (kg/m²) (n = 66,529)	≥25	1.97	1.78–2.17	< 0.001
Baseline triglycerides (mg/dl) (n = 11,762)	< 200	1	Reference
Baseline triglycerides (mg/dl) (n = 11,762)	≥200	1.41	1.14–1.76	0.002
Baseline absolute CD4 cell count (cells/mm³) (n = 95,432)	≥200	1	Reference
Baseline absolute CD4 cell count (cells/mm³) (n = 95,432)	< 200	1.04	0.96–1.12	0.33
Nadir CD4 cell count (cells/mm³) (n = 95,476)	≥200	1	Reference
Nadir CD4 cell count (cells/mm³) (n = 95,476)	< 200	0.89	0.83–0.96	0.002

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, n number of patients with available data, SHR sub-distribution hazard ratio, aSHR adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio
Note: impute time-updated CD4 (18.0% of values); Univariable and multivariable analysis were adjusting for previous fasting plasma glucose measurement and time-updated absolute CD4 < 200 cells/mm³

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