Skip to main content

Table 6 Highest five prevalences of specific birth defects from the top six system classifications of total Liuzhou' birth defects from 2011 to 2015, and ethnic distribution

From: Epidemiology of birth defects based on surveillance data from 2011–2015 in Guangxi, China: comparison across five major ethnic groups

Birth defects

Han

 

Zhuang

 

Miao

 

Dong

 

No.

No.

RR (CI)

No.

RR (CI)

No.

RR (CI)

No.

RR (CI)

Polydactylism or Symphysodactylia

457

338

0.90(0.78–1.04)

70

0.91(0.71–1.17)

52

0.74(0.55–0.98)a

16

0.65(0.39-1.07)

Talipes equinovarus

175

103

0.72(0.56–0.92)b

17

0.58(0.35–0.95)b

15

0.55(0.33–0.94)a

5

0.53(0.22-1.29)

Limb reduction

40

30

0.92(0.57–1.47)

4

0.59(0.21–1.66)

6

0.97(0.41–2.29)

1

0.46(0.06–3.37)

Pigmented nevus

16

8

0.61(0.26–1.43)

1

0.37(0.05–2.80)

1

0.40(0.05–3.05)

3

0.47(0.26–0.83)b

Pectus or rickets

15

14

1.14(0.55–2.36)

0

0.19(0.01–3.20)

0

0.21(0.01–3.48)

0

0.60(0.04–10.00)

Patent foramen ovale

127

95

0.91(0.70–1.19)

5

0.23(0.10–0.57)b

7

0.36(0.17–0.76)b

5

0.73(0.30–1.78)

Patent ductus arteriosus

104

108

1.27(0.97–1.66)

4

0.23(0.08–0.62)b

0

0.03(0.00–0.50)a

2

0.36(0.09-1.44)

Atrial septal defect

90

66

0.90(0.65–1.23)

2

0.13(0.03–0.54)b

6

0.43(0.19–0.98)a

1

0.21(0.03-1.48)

Ventricular septal defect

72

59

1.00(0.71–1.41)

5

0.41(0.17–1.02)

4

0.36(0.13–0.98)a

2

0.52(0.13-2.10)

Atrial septal defect & Patent ductus arteriosus

59

55

1.14(0.79–1.64)

2

0.20(0.05–0.82)a

3

0.31(0.10-1.00)a

1

0.31(0.04-2.27)

Ear anomaly

212

133

0.77(0.62–0.95)a

19

0.53(0.33-0.85)b

12

0.37(0.20–0.65)c

6

0.52(0.23–1.18)

Cleft lip with or without palate

167

130

0.95(0.76–1.20)

24

0.95(0.76–1.20)

32

1.24(0.85–1.81)

9

1.00(0.51–1.95)

Eye anomaly

14

9

0.78(0.34–1.81)

0

0.20(0.12–3.43)

1

0.46(0.06–3.51)

0

0.64(0.04–10.72)

Ear anomaly & Cleft lip with or without palate

3

0

0.17(0.01–3.38)

2

3.96(0.66–23.69)

0

0.92(0.05–17.87)

1

6.18(0.64–59.43)

Other craniofacial

2

2

1.22(0.17–8.67)

1

2.97(0.27–32.74)

0

1.29(0.06–26.92)

0

3.71(0.18–77.25)

Genital anomaly

221

106

0.59(0.46–0.74)c

7

0.19(0.09–0.40)c

6

0.18(0.08–0.39)c

4

0.33(0.12–0.90)a

Kidney anomaly

107

56

0.64(0.46–0.88)b

10

0.55(0.29–1.06)

6

0.36(0.16–0.82)a

1

0.17(0.02-1.24)

Hypospadias

102

65

0.30(0.19–0.46)c

2

0.12(0.03–0.47)b

5

0.32(0.13–0.78)a

4

0.73(0.27-1.97)

Polycystic kidney disease

25

12

0.59(0.29–1.17)

1

0.24(0.03–1.75)

1

0.26(0.04–1.91)

2

1.48(0.35–6.26)

Oystic kidney disease

6

5

1.02(0.31–3.33)

1

0.99(0.12–8.22)

0

0.50(0.03–8.82)

1

3.10(0.37–25.67)

Schridde syndrome/thalassaemia

201

135

0.82(0.66–1.02)

26

0.77(0.51–1.16)

22

0.71(0.46–1.10)

6

0.55(0.25–1.25)

Angioneoplasm

66

32

0.59(0.39–0.90)c

0

0.04(0.00–0.72)a

4

0.39(0.14-1.07)

4

1.12(0.41–3.08)

Lymphadenoma

43

39

1.11(0.72–1.71)

2

0.28(0.07–1.14)

2

0.30(0.07–1.24)

0

0.21(0.01–3.46)

Omphalocele or Gastroschisis

43

30

0.85(0.53–1.36)

8

1.10(0.52–2.35)

1

0.15(0.02–1.09)

1

0.43(0.06–3.13)

Other cavity effusion

22

10

0.56(0.26–1.17)

3

0.81(0.24–2.70)

1

0.29(0.04–2.18)

1

0.84(0.11–6.25)

Brain anomaly

55

42

0.93(0.64–1.93)

5

0.54(0.22–1.35)

2

0.24(0.06–0.96)a

3

1.01(0.32-3.23)

Hydrocephalus

36

22

0.75(0.44–1.27)

9

1.48(0.72–3.08)

7

1.26(0.56–2.82)

6

3.09(1.30–7.33)a

Anencephaly

18

14

0.95(0.47–1.91)

3

0.99(0.29–3.36)

4

1.44(0.49–4.24)

2

2.06(0.48–8.88)

Spinal bifida or Neural tube defect

14

7

0.61(0.25–1.52)

2

0.85(0.19–3.73)

1

0.46(0.06–3.51)

0

0.64(0.04–10.72)

Encephalocele

5

14

3.42(1.23–9.49)a

0

0.54(0.03-9.76)

0

0.59(0.03–10.62)

0

1.69(0.09–30.49)

Perinatal infants

116,626

95,524

 

19,645

 

18,049

 

6288

 
  1. CI confidence interval, RR relative risk
  2. aP < 0.05, b P < 0.01, c P < 0.001