Birth defects | Han | Zhuang | Miao | Dong | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | No. | RR (CI) | No. | RR (CI) | No. | RR (CI) | No. | RR (CI) | |
Polydactylism or Symphysodactylia | 457 | 338 | 0.90(0.78–1.04) | 70 | 0.91(0.71–1.17) | 52 | 0.74(0.55–0.98)a | 16 | 0.65(0.39-1.07) |
Talipes equinovarus | 175 | 103 | 0.72(0.56–0.92)b | 17 | 0.58(0.35–0.95)b | 15 | 0.55(0.33–0.94)a | 5 | 0.53(0.22-1.29) |
Limb reduction | 40 | 30 | 0.92(0.57–1.47) | 4 | 0.59(0.21–1.66) | 6 | 0.97(0.41–2.29) | 1 | 0.46(0.06–3.37) |
Pigmented nevus | 16 | 8 | 0.61(0.26–1.43) | 1 | 0.37(0.05–2.80) | 1 | 0.40(0.05–3.05) | 3 | 0.47(0.26–0.83)b |
Pectus or rickets | 15 | 14 | 1.14(0.55–2.36) | 0 | 0.19(0.01–3.20) | 0 | 0.21(0.01–3.48) | 0 | 0.60(0.04–10.00) |
Patent foramen ovale | 127 | 95 | 0.91(0.70–1.19) | 5 | 0.23(0.10–0.57)b | 7 | 0.36(0.17–0.76)b | 5 | 0.73(0.30–1.78) |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 104 | 108 | 1.27(0.97–1.66) | 4 | 0.23(0.08–0.62)b | 0 | 0.03(0.00–0.50)a | 2 | 0.36(0.09-1.44) |
Atrial septal defect | 90 | 66 | 0.90(0.65–1.23) | 2 | 0.13(0.03–0.54)b | 6 | 0.43(0.19–0.98)a | 1 | 0.21(0.03-1.48) |
Ventricular septal defect | 72 | 59 | 1.00(0.71–1.41) | 5 | 0.41(0.17–1.02) | 4 | 0.36(0.13–0.98)a | 2 | 0.52(0.13-2.10) |
Atrial septal defect & Patent ductus arteriosus | 59 | 55 | 1.14(0.79–1.64) | 2 | 0.20(0.05–0.82)a | 3 | 0.31(0.10-1.00)a | 1 | 0.31(0.04-2.27) |
Ear anomaly | 212 | 133 | 0.77(0.62–0.95)a | 19 | 0.53(0.33-0.85)b | 12 | 0.37(0.20–0.65)c | 6 | 0.52(0.23–1.18) |
Cleft lip with or without palate | 167 | 130 | 0.95(0.76–1.20) | 24 | 0.95(0.76–1.20) | 32 | 1.24(0.85–1.81) | 9 | 1.00(0.51–1.95) |
Eye anomaly | 14 | 9 | 0.78(0.34–1.81) | 0 | 0.20(0.12–3.43) | 1 | 0.46(0.06–3.51) | 0 | 0.64(0.04–10.72) |
Ear anomaly & Cleft lip with or without palate | 3 | 0 | 0.17(0.01–3.38) | 2 | 3.96(0.66–23.69) | 0 | 0.92(0.05–17.87) | 1 | 6.18(0.64–59.43) |
Other craniofacial | 2 | 2 | 1.22(0.17–8.67) | 1 | 2.97(0.27–32.74) | 0 | 1.29(0.06–26.92) | 0 | 3.71(0.18–77.25) |
Genital anomaly | 221 | 106 | 0.59(0.46–0.74)c | 7 | 0.19(0.09–0.40)c | 6 | 0.18(0.08–0.39)c | 4 | 0.33(0.12–0.90)a |
Kidney anomaly | 107 | 56 | 0.64(0.46–0.88)b | 10 | 0.55(0.29–1.06) | 6 | 0.36(0.16–0.82)a | 1 | 0.17(0.02-1.24) |
Hypospadias | 102 | 65 | 0.30(0.19–0.46)c | 2 | 0.12(0.03–0.47)b | 5 | 0.32(0.13–0.78)a | 4 | 0.73(0.27-1.97) |
Polycystic kidney disease | 25 | 12 | 0.59(0.29–1.17) | 1 | 0.24(0.03–1.75) | 1 | 0.26(0.04–1.91) | 2 | 1.48(0.35–6.26) |
Oystic kidney disease | 6 | 5 | 1.02(0.31–3.33) | 1 | 0.99(0.12–8.22) | 0 | 0.50(0.03–8.82) | 1 | 3.10(0.37–25.67) |
Schridde syndrome/thalassaemia | 201 | 135 | 0.82(0.66–1.02) | 26 | 0.77(0.51–1.16) | 22 | 0.71(0.46–1.10) | 6 | 0.55(0.25–1.25) |
Angioneoplasm | 66 | 32 | 0.59(0.39–0.90)c | 0 | 0.04(0.00–0.72)a | 4 | 0.39(0.14-1.07) | 4 | 1.12(0.41–3.08) |
Lymphadenoma | 43 | 39 | 1.11(0.72–1.71) | 2 | 0.28(0.07–1.14) | 2 | 0.30(0.07–1.24) | 0 | 0.21(0.01–3.46) |
Omphalocele or Gastroschisis | 43 | 30 | 0.85(0.53–1.36) | 8 | 1.10(0.52–2.35) | 1 | 0.15(0.02–1.09) | 1 | 0.43(0.06–3.13) |
Other cavity effusion | 22 | 10 | 0.56(0.26–1.17) | 3 | 0.81(0.24–2.70) | 1 | 0.29(0.04–2.18) | 1 | 0.84(0.11–6.25) |
Brain anomaly | 55 | 42 | 0.93(0.64–1.93) | 5 | 0.54(0.22–1.35) | 2 | 0.24(0.06–0.96)a | 3 | 1.01(0.32-3.23) |
Hydrocephalus | 36 | 22 | 0.75(0.44–1.27) | 9 | 1.48(0.72–3.08) | 7 | 1.26(0.56–2.82) | 6 | 3.09(1.30–7.33)a |
Anencephaly | 18 | 14 | 0.95(0.47–1.91) | 3 | 0.99(0.29–3.36) | 4 | 1.44(0.49–4.24) | 2 | 2.06(0.48–8.88) |
Spinal bifida or Neural tube defect | 14 | 7 | 0.61(0.25–1.52) | 2 | 0.85(0.19–3.73) | 1 | 0.46(0.06–3.51) | 0 | 0.64(0.04–10.72) |
Encephalocele | 5 | 14 | 3.42(1.23–9.49)a | 0 | 0.54(0.03-9.76) | 0 | 0.59(0.03–10.62) | 0 | 1.69(0.09–30.49) |
Perinatal infants | 116,626 | 95,524 | 19,645 | 18,049 | 6288 |