Table 3 Contributions of the explanatory factors to educational inequalities in all-cause mortality for lowest educated men and women
Models | Men | Women | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of education | Change in educational inequality | Level of education | Change in educational inequality | |||||||||
Lowest | High | Absolute decline c | Percentage decline c | Lowest | High | Absolute declinec | Percentage declinec | |||||
HRa | (95% CI)b | Ref. | % | (95% CI)d | HRa | (95% CI)b | Ref. | % | (95% CI)d | |||
0. No additional controls | 1.58 | (1.37, 1.83) | 1 | 1.59 | (1.25, 2.02) | 1 | ||||||
1. Material | 1.18 | (0.99, 1.40) | 1 | 0.40 | 67% | (46%, 103%) | 1.29 | (1.00, 1.66) | 1 | 0.30 | 51% | (29%, 93%) |
Financial difficulties | 1.51 | (1.30, 1.75) | 1 | 0.07 | 12% | (4%, 24%) | 1.49 | (1.17, 1.90) | 1 | 0.10 | 17% | (9%, 34%) |
Housing tenure | 1.40 | (1.20, 1.63) | 1 | 0.18 | 31% | (18%, 49%) | 1.41 | (1.10, 1.81) | 1 | 0.18 | 31% | (15%, 56%) |
Health insurance | 1.27 | (1.07, 1.51) | 1 | 0.31 | 53% | (31%, 81%) | 1.40 | (1.09, 1.80) | 1 | 0.19 | 32% | (15%, 61%) |
2. Employment-related | 1.42 | (1.18, 1.71) | 1 | 0.16 | 28% | (3%, 58%) | 1.39 | (1.07, 1.81) | 1 | 0.20 | 34% | (2%, 55%) |
Employment | 1.41 | (1.21, 1.63) | 1 | 0.17 | 29% | (20%, 45%) | 1.63 | (1.27, 2.08) | 1 | −0.04 | −7% | (−22%, 2%) |
Occ. of the breadwinnere | 1.54 | (1.28, 1.85) | 1 | 0.04 | 7% | (−20%, 37%) | 1.35 | (1.04, 1.75) | 1 | 0.24 | 41% | (8%, 59%) |
3. Behavioural factors | 1.39 | (1.20, 1.62) | 1 | 0.19 | 33% | (16%, 50%) | 1.37 | (1.06, 1.75) | 1 | 0.22 | 37% | (15%, 77%) |
Alcohol consumption | 1.55 | (1.34, 1.79) | 1 | 0.03 | 5% | (−3, 14%) | 1.61 | (1.26, 2.06) | 1 | −0.02 | −3% | (−20%, 10%) |
BMI | 1.55 | (1.34, 1.79) | 1 | 0.03 | 5% | (1%, 11%) | 1.57 | (1.23, 2.00) | 1 | 0.02 | 3% | (−5%, 12%) |
Smoking | 1.50 | (1.30, 1.73) | 1 | 0.08 | 14% | (3%, 26%) | 1.48 | (1.16, 1.89) | 1 | 0.11 | 19% | (4%, 41%) |
Leisure activity | 1.59 | (1.38, 1.84) | 1 | −0.01 | −2% | (−7%, 4%) | 1.53 | (1.20, 1.95) | 1 | 0.06 | 10% | (1%, 22%) |
Sports activity | 1.49 | (1.29, 1.72) | 1 | 0.09 | 16% | (9%, 27%) | 1.49 | (1.17, 1.90) | 1 | 0.10 | 17% | (8%, 34%) |
4. Family-related factors | 1.57 | (1.36, 1.81) | 1 | 0.01 | 2% | (−7%, 11%) | 1.62 | (1.27, 2.07) | 1 | −0.03 | −5% | (−25%, 6%) |
Marital status | 1.57 | (1.36, 1.81) | 1 | 0.01 | 2% | (−4%, 10%) | 1.61 | (1.26, 2.06) | 1 | −0.02 | −3% | (−22%, 6%) |
Living arrangement | 1.56 | (1.35, 1.81) | 1 | 0.02 | 3% | (−3%, 9%) | 1.58 | (1.24, 2.01) | 1 | 0.01 | 2% | (−3%, 6%) |
Number of children | 1.56 | (1.35, 1.81) | 1 | 0.02 | 3% | (−2%, 10%) | 1.65 | (1.29, 2.10) | 1 | −0.06 | −10% | (−26%, −1%) |
5. All factors | 1.22 | (1.00, 1.49) | 1 | 0.36 | 62% | (30%, 101%) | 1.17 | (0.89, 1.54) | 1 | 0.42 | 71% | (28%, 123%) |