From: A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.)
Fungi genera | Species | Medical, veterinary or agricultural importance | Geographical occurrence | Site of specimen collection | Host stage infected | Prevalence | Lab or field study | Site of isolation | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cladosporum | C. cladosporoides | Medical | Worldwide | Cattles diagnosed with bovine ringworm, animal pens, dump sites | Adult/larvae | 4.7–85% | Field/lab | External surfaces | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Larvae | 0.2 | Field | External surfaces | ||
Penicillium | P. axalicum | Medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish | Larvae | – | Field | External surfaces | [53] |
P. corylophilum | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites | Larvae | – | Field | External surfaces | [57] | |
P. fellutanum | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites | Larvae | 11.9% | Field | External surfaces | [57] | |
P. verrucosum | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [60] | |
P. aurantiogriseum | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [60] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation, Cattles diagnosed with bovine ringworm, hospitals, slaughter houses | adult | 3.4–21% | Field/lab | External surfaces | ||
Aspergillus | A. flavus | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites, poultry farms, dairy, piggery, slaughter houses, open field | Adult/larvae | 23.8% | Field | External surfaces | |
A niger | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites | Adult/larvae | 14.4–85.71% | Field | External surfaces | ||
A fumigatus | Medical | Worldwide | Cafeteria and food centers | Adult | 85.71 | Field | External surfaces | [7] | |
A tamari | Medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish | Larvae | – | Field | External surfaces | [53] | |
A parasiticus | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [60] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation, Cattles diagnosed with bovine ringworm, hospitals, slaughter houses | Adult | 2.8–67.4% | Field/lab | External surfaces | ||
Beauveria | B. bassiana | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry farms, dairy, piggery, open field, slaughter houses | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [52] |
Mucor | M. cirinelloides | Medical | Worldwide | Cafeteria and food centers | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [7] |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 2% | Field | External surfaces | [55] | |
Alternaria | A. alternata | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites | Adult/larvae | 1.4–11.9% | Field | External surfaces | |
Fusarium | F. oxysporum | Medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish | Larvae | – | Field | External surfaces | [53] |
F. verticilliodes | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [60] | |
F. proliferatum | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [60] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites, Human habitation, hospitals, slaughter houses | Larvae | 4.7–17% | Field | External surfaces | ||
Curvularia | C. brachyspora | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites | Adult | 2.4% | Field | External surfaces | [57] |
Mycelia | M. sterilia | Medical | Worldwide | Animal pens, dump sites | Adult | 2.4% | Field | External surfaces | [57] |
Candida | C. albicans | Medical | Worldwide | Pig pen, Human habitation | Adult | 44.6% | Field | External surfaces | |
C. glabrata | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 23% | Field | External surfaces | [51] | |
C. krusei | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 19.6% | Field | External surfaces | [51] | |
C. tropicalis | Medical | Worldwide | Pig pen, Human habitation | Adult | 7.4% | Field | External surfaces | ||
C. dubliniensis | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 3.6% | Field | External surfaces | [51] | |
C. parapsilisis | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 1.8% | Field | External surfaces | [51] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 10.5% | Field | External surfaces | [59] | |
Microsporum | M. canis | Veterinary | Worldwide | Laboratory experiment | Adult/larvae | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [85] |
M. gypseum | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, slaughter houses | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [58] | |
Chrysosporium | Chrysosporium spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 2% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Curvalaria | Curvalaria spp. | Agricultural | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 0.4% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Epicoccum | Epicoccum spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 1% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Eupenicillium | Eupenicillium spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 1% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Moniliella | Moniliella spp. | Medical and veterinary | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 9% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Nigrospora | Nigrospora spp. | Agricultural | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 1% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Rhizopus | Rhizopus spp. | Veterinary | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 2% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Scopulariopsis | Scopulariopsis spp. | Veterinary | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 2% | Field | External surfaces | [55] |
Mucorales | Mucorales spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals | Adult | 11% | Field | External surfaces | [59] |
Rhodotorula | Rhodotorula spp. | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | Hospitals | Adult | 8.4% | Field | External surfaces | [59] |
Moniliella | M. suaveolans | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [60] |