From: A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.)
Bacteria genera | Species | Medical and/or veterinary importance | Geographical occurrence | Site of specimen collection | Host stage infected | Prevalence | Lab or field study | Site of isolation | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Helicobacter | H. pylori | Medical | Worldwide | Laboratory reared | Adult | – | Lab | External surfaces/internal organs | |
Campylobacter | C. jejuni | Medical and veterinary | Worldwide | Poultry, piggery | Adult/larvae | 6.2% | Field/ Lab | External surfaces/internal organs | |
C. coli | Medical and veterinary | Worldwide | Poultry, piggery | Adult | 90.1% | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [74] | |
Others | Medical and veterinary | Worldwide | Restaurant, refuse dumps, barbecue shops, fruits and food vendors, markets, poultries (broiler farms) | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Salmonella | S. typhimurium | Medical | Worldwide | Laboratory experiment | Adult | – | Lab |  | [37] |
S. enterica serovar Enteritidis | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult/larvae | 6–70% | Lab/field | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Restaurant, refuse dumps, barbecue shops, fruits and food vendors, markets, fish vendors, human habitation | Adult | 11.8–66.67% | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Escherichia | E. coli | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation, cafeteria and food centers, hospitals, open fields, poultry farms, slaughter houses, cattle farms, animal hospitals | Adult/larvae | 10.5–76.3% | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24, 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38, 40, 43,44,45,46, 48, 89, 92] |
Bacillus | B. anthrax | Medical and veterinary | Worldwide | Laboratory reared | Adult | – | Lab | External surfaces/Internal organs | [76] |
B. megatarium | non | Worldwide | Cafeteria and food centers | Adult | 50% | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [7] | |
B. sphaericus | Medical | Worldwide | Cafeteria and food centers | Adult | 50% | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [7] | |
B. cereus | Medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish | Larvae | – | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | ||
B. alvei | Medical | Worldwide | Cafeteria and food centers | Adult | 50% | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [7] | |
B. pumilus | Medical | Worldwide |  | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [46] | |
B. thuringiensis | non | Worldwide |  | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [46] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Dairy farms, hospitals, slaughter houses, fruit and food centers | Adult | 31.1% | Field | External surfaces | ||
Staphylococcus | S. aureus | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation, fresh fish | Adult/ larvae | 26.9% | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | |
S. epidermidis | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [40] | |
S. sciuri | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | Dumpsters of restaurants | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [46] | |
S. saprophyticus | Medical | Worldwide | Dumpsters of restaurants | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [46] | |
S. xylosus | Medical | Worldwide | Dumpsters of restaurants | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [46] | |
Others | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | Poutry, animal farms, garden, garbage/dump areas, restaurants/cafeteria, markets, human habitation, hospitals | Adult | 22.9–28.2% | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | ||
Enterococcus | E. faecalis | Medical | Worldwide | Restaurants, piggery farms | Adult | 55.5–88.2% | Field/lab | External surfaces/Internal organs | |
E. faecium | Medical | Worldwide | Restaurants, piggery farms | Adult | 6.8–12.8% | Field/lab | External surfaces/Internal organs | ||
E. casseliflavus | Medical | Worldwide | Restaurants, piggery farms | Adult | 4.9–6.7% | Field/lab | External surfaces/Internal organs | ||
E. hirae | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | piggery farms | Adult | 12.8% | Field/lab | External surfaces/Internal organs | [50] | |
Aeromonas | A. caviae | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, streets, slaughter houses (abattoir) | Adult | 39–78% | Field | Internal organs | |
A hydrophila | Medical | Worldwide | Open field | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [82] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Poutry, animal farms, garden, garbage/dump areas, restaurants/cafeteria, markets, human habitation, hospitals | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [79] | |
Shigella | S. sonnei | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, streets, slaughter houses | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [48] |
S. dysenteriae | Medical | Worldwide | Dumpsters of restaurants | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [46] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, animal farms, garden, garbage/dump areas, restaurants/cafeteria, markets, human habitation, hospitals | Adult | 4.8–66.67% | field | External surfaces/ internal organs | ||
Klebsiella | K. pneumoniae | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, human habitation, slaughter houses | Adult | 11.3–82% | field | External surfaces/ internal organs | |
K. oxytoca | Medical |  | Open field | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [83] | |
Others | Medical |  | Poutry, animal farms,garden, garbage/dump areas, restaurants/cafeteria, markets, human habitation, hospitals, slaughter houses, open field | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | ||
Pseudomonas | P. aeruginosa | Medical | Worldwide | Dump sites, slaughter houses, open field, human habitation, fresh fish, hospitals | Adult/larvae | 37% | field | External surfaces/internal organs | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, streets, slaughter houses, | Adult | 21.8% | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Proteus | P. mirabilis | Medical | Worldwide | Slaughter houses, hospitals | Adult | 29.1% | field | External surfaces/internal organs | [15] |
P. vulgaris | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [40] | |
Proteus sp. | Medical | Worldwide | Slaughter houses, dump sites, open fields, human habitations | Adult | 14.8% | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Citrobacter | C. freundi | Medical | Worldwide | Cafeteria and food centers, Slaughter houses, hospitals | Adult | 28.4% | field | External surfaces/internal organs | |
Chronobacter | C. turicensis, | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult/larvae | 14% | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | |
C. universalis | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult/larvae | – | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
C. sakazakii | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult/larvae | – | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Listeria | L. monocytogenes | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult/larvae | 3–49.4% | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | |
Others | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | Animal farms | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [78] | |
Streptococcus | S. pyogenes | medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish, human habitation | Adult/larvae | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | |
S. faecalis | Medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish | Larvae | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [53] | |
Others | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, slaughter houses, streets, dump sites, open fields, human habitation | Adult | 66.67% | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | ||
Alternaria | Alternaria spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Fresh fish, Human habitation | Larvae | 1.4–6% | Field |  | |
Serratia | Serratia spp. | Medical | worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [40] |
Enterobacter | Enterobacter spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | |
Edwardsiella | Edwardsiella spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry | Adult | – | field | External surfaces/internal organs | [43] |
Providencia | Providencia spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, animal farms, garden, garbage/dump areas, restaurants/cafeteria, markets, human habitation, hospitals, slaughter houses, open field | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/ internal organs | |
Vibrio | Vibrio cholera non O1 | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation | Adult | 45.7% | Field | Internal organs | [29] |
Others | Medical / veterinary | Worldwide | Animal farms | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/ internal organs | [78] | |
Morganella | M. morgana | Medical | Worldwide | Poutry, animal farms,garden, garbage/dump areas, restaurants/cafeteria, markets, human habitation, hospitals, slaughter houses, open field | Adult | 16.67% | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | |
Clostridium | Clostridium spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Dairy farms | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [10] |
Corynebacterium | Corynebacterium spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Dairy farms | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [10] |
Lactobacillus | Lactobacillus spp. | Medical | Worldwide | Dairy farms | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [10] |
Yersinia | Y. enterocolitica | Medical | Worldwide | Hospitals, streets, slaughter houses | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [48] |
Burkholderia | B. pseudomallei | Medical | Worldwide | Open field | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [83] |
Acinetobacter | A. baumanni | Medical | worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | |
Methylobacterium | M. persicinum | Medical | Worldwide | Poultry, dumpsters | Adult | – | Field | Internal organs | [46] |
Micrococcus | Micrococcus sp. | Medical | Worldwide | Garbage/dump areas, poultry, restaurants | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/Internal organs | [89] |