Table 1 Personal characteristics of football and tennis players and dropouts, time use, environmental, and motivational factors
From: Time-use and environmental determinants of dropout from organized youth football and tennis
|  | Total (N = 2555) | Football members (N = 1014) | Football dropouts (N = 346) | Tennis members (N = 602) | Tennis dropouts (N = 593) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | |||||
 Age (%) | |||||
  13–16 | 52.4 | 61.4 | 37.6 | 44.9 | 53.3 |
  17–21 | 47.6 | 38.6 | 62.4 | 55.1 | 46.7 |
  Mean (SD) | 16.5 (2.5) | 16 (2.3) | 17.5 (2.3) | 17.1 (2.6) | 16.5 (2.5) |
Female (%) | 39.1 | 19.7 | 43.1 | 59 | 49.7 |
 Current education (%) | |||||
  No | 3.3 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 2.4 |
  Low | 37.9 | 57.2 | 42.2 | 19.3 | 21.2 |
  Middle | 38.2 | 32.4 | 26.9 | 43.2 | 49.4 |
  High | 20.6 | 6.7 | 29.5 | 32.7 | 27 |
Sports participation characteristics | |||||
 Played in selection team (%) | |||||
  Yes | 40.4 | 53 | 34.7 | 39.7 | 22.8 |
  No/don’t know | 59.6 | 47 | 65.3 | 60.3 | 77.2 |
 Past sports frequency (tennis/football) (%) | |||||
  No or less than once a week | 14.7 | 2 | 7.5 | 9.6 | 45.7 |
  Once a week | 17.2 | 5.6 | 14.7 | 24.6 | 30.9 |
  Twice a week | 30.6 | 25.8 | 68.8 | 29.6 | 17.5 |
   > Twice a week | 37.5 | 66.6 | 9 | 36.2 | 5.9 |
Time use factors | |||||
 Time use indicators at this moment (average hrs per week), mean (SD) | |||||
  Tennis/football outside sports club (hrs) | 1.7 (2.4) | 2.8 (2.6) | 0.4 (1.3) | 1.9 (2.4) | 0.1 (0.5) |
  Other sports (hrs) | 2.6 (2.8) | 2.0 (2.4) | 2.2 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.5) | 4.1 (3.3) |
  Other (fixed) hobbies (hrs) | 1.5 (2.4) | 1.4 (2.4) | 1.6 (2.6) | 1.5 (2.2) | 1.7 (2.5) |
  School and homework/studying (hrs) | 19.8 (13.9) | 17.5 (13.5) | 17.9 (13.8) | 22.2 (13.9) | 22.3 (13.9) |
  (Part-time) job (hrs) | 7.6 (10.1) | 7.6 (10.4) | 10.5 (11.3) | 7.5 (9.9) | 6.2 (8.6) |
  Social activities (no of times) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.4) |
 Total amount of time spent on social and other activitiesa at sports club per week past season (hrs) | 1.3 (4.7) | 1.2 (3.3) | 0.4 (1.6) | 2.1 (7.0) | 1.0 (4.8) |
 Changes in job or school situation between membership and dropout time (dropouts)/ during the past year (members) (%) | |||||
  Got (part-time) job/increased work hrs | 18.9 | 22.7 | 19.9 | 21.9 | 8.9 |
  Changed schools/further education | 26.2 | 21.4 | 23.4 | 22.1 | 40.1 |
Environmental factors | |||||
 Travel distance to sports club (km), mean (SD) | 3.9 (11.2) | 3.6 (9.0) | 3.9 (14.0) | 6.0 (16.2) | 2.5 (4.5) |
 Neighbourhood density (%) | |||||
  Rural | 30.3 | 32.3 | 36.4 | 27.4 | 26.3 |
  Hardly – moderately urbanized | 40.4 | 37.2 | 37.6 | 42.5 | 45.4 |
  Strong – extremely urbanized | 29.3 | 30.6 | 26 | 30.1 | 28.3 |
Motivational factors | |||||
 Motivational orientation for sports during membership, mean (SD) | |||||
  Task orientation | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) | −0.2 (1.1) | 0.1 (1.0) | −0.1 (0.9) |
  Ego orientation | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | −0.2 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (0.9) |