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Table 5 Level of consideration given to social inequalities in health, summary adapted from PRISMA-equity

From: Supporting parenting to address social inequalities in health: a synthesis of systematic reviews

references

title

abstract

introduction

methods

results

discussion

notion of equity identified in the title

research question linked to equity in health

results from the analyses of equity in health

description corresponds to disadvantaged population

description of hypotheses that show intervention can impact equity

study design linked to equity

results and conclusions correspond to equity

applicability to socioeconomic gradients and cultural plurality

implications for research, practice and policy corresponding to equity

Miller S. Maguire L.K. Macdonald. Home-based child development interventions for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families. Cochrane systematic reviews.Dec 2011.

socially disadvantged families

research focused specifically on socially disadvantaged families

it is described: no negative impact on the control group

no, not in the abstract

mention of social disadvantage

RCT “habitual residence” family vs socially disadvantaged family (i.e. living in poverty, lone parent, ethnic minority)

presentation of interventions by type of social disadvantage targeted. No description of results concerning the possible impact on reducing SIH.

interventions targeted disadvantaged populations, stratified according to three categories (poverty, lone parenthood, ethnic minority)

yes, mention of the intervention’s positive impact in helping “to eradicate inequalities”

Barlow J. Smailagic N. Huband N. Roloff V. Bennett C.Group-based parent training programmes for improving parental psychosocial health. Cochrane systematic reviews.May 2014.

no

no

no

no

no

no

differentiation of fathers-mothers-parents results. No negative impact from the interventions.

father-mother distinction

no

Barlow J, Smailagic N, Bennett C, Huband N, Jones H, Coren E. Individual and group based parenting programmes for improving psychosocial outcomes for teenage parents and their children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 3.

targeted at teenage mothers

no, the research focused specifically on an a priori disadvantaged population

no

the target population was considered a priori to be disadvantaged

mention of the population as often coming from very disadvatantaged backgrounds, liable to suffer from a lack of social support

no

no

brief comment: “caution should therefore be exercised before the findings are generalised to other social and cultural contexts”. Mention of the value of peer groups.

no

Barlow J, Bergman H, Kornør H, Wei Y, Bennett C. Group-based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews August 2016.

no

no

no

no

the authors wrote: “parental psychosocial adversity and disruptions in the parent-child relationship are significant risk factors for infant emotional, behavioural, eating and sleeping disorders”

no

no

no

no

Bryanton J, Beck CT, Montelpare W. Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 11.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

Bennett C, Underdown A, Barlow J. Massage for promoting mental and physical health in typically developing infants under the age of six months. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

research perspectives proposing to focus on the impact of baby massage in groups of socially disadvantaged parents

Tiitinen S. Homanen R. Lindfors P. Ruusuvuori J. Approaches used in investigating family support in transition to parenthood. Health Promot Int. 2014 Sep;29(3):518–27.

no

no

no

the authors wrote: “A bias towards the perspectives of risk groups […] was detected”

improve available knoweldge on the psychological and social factors that enhance family relations and protect children’s development

no

no

studies carried out on “at risk” populations. Little attention given over to universal services

need to examine the interventions’ mechanisms to understand which interventions are (in)effective and in what contexts

Lakshman R. Ogilvie. Ong KK. Mothers’ experiences of bottle-feeding: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Arch Dis Child. 2009 Aug;94(8).

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

Entsieh A, Hallström I. First-time parents’ prenatal needs for early parenthood preparation: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative literature. Midwifery. 2016 Aug;39:1–11.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

Welsh J, Strazdins L, Ford L, Friel S, O’Rourke K, Carbone S, Carlon L. Promoting equity in the mental wellbeing of children and young people: a scoping review. Health Promot Int. 2015 Sep;30 Suppl 2:ii36–76.

yes: “equity”

“equitably”, “inequities”, “social gradients”, “proportionate universalism”

“life course trajectories of social and emotional prosperity, or social and emotional disadvantage”, “Interventions need to be ‘matched’ to [...] contexts”, “social determinants shape [...] inequities”, “interventions which are universal but proportionate [...] for addressing inequities”

yes

yes

yes

yes, mention of the risk of increased inequalities with certain interventions

Panter-Brick C, Burgess A, Eggerman M, McAllister F, Pruett K, Leckman J. Practitioner Review: Engaging fathers – recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Nov; 55(11): 1187–1212.

no

no

notion of equity to be developed

no

no

no

no

yes, mother-father parity

notion of equity to be developed

Poole MK, Seal DW, Taylor CA. A systematic review of universal campaigns targeting child physical abuse prevention. Health Educ Res. 2014 Jun;29(3):388–432.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

Mcdaid D, Park AL. Investing in mental health and well-being: findings from the DataPrev project. Health Promot Int. 2011 Dec;26 Suppl 1:i108–39.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

to consider a number of levels of approach with some interventions targeted at the general population and some solely at high-risk groups

Perry M, Becerra F, Kavanagh J, Serre A, Vargas E, Becerril V. Community-based interventions for improving maternal health and for reducing maternal health inequalities in high-income countries: a systematic map of research. Global Health. 2015 Jul 1;10:63.

yes: “maternal health inequalities”

“community-based interventions”

no

no

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Morrison J, Pikhart H, Ruiz M, Goldblatt P. Systematic review of parenting interventions in European countries aiming to reduce social inequalities in children’s health and development. BMC Public Health. 2014 Oct 6;14:1040.

yes: “to reduce social inequalities in children’s health”

yes: “reduce inequalities in child health and development”.

yes: “universally proportionate”, “specific target population”

yes

yes

yes

no

no

Piotrowski CC, Talavera GA, Mayer JA. Healthy Steps: a systematic review of a preventive practice-based model of pediatric care. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009 Feb;30(1):91–103.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

they should be carefully examined to determine if they under-represent known racial and ethnic disparities in the health of new mothers and their infants, thereby potentially biasing the reported outcomes

“need to study the possibility of adapting the programmes according to different sociocultural groups”.”systematic evaluation of potential barriers to successful implementation involving all key stakeholders, including parents”

Van Vuuren C. L. Reijneveld S.A. Van der Wal M. F. Verhoeff A.P. Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation characteristics in child (0–18 years) health studies: A review. Health & Place, Vol 29, Sep, 2014 pp. 34–42.

“Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation characteristics”

yes

yes

no, in terms of research methodology

yes

yes

yes

yes

further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that lead to differences in children’s health in relation to the characteristics of neighbourhood deprivation

Gilmer C. Buchan J. L. Letourneau N. Bennett C. T. Shanker S.G.; Fenwick A. Smith-Chant B. Parent education interventions designed to support the transition to parenthood: A realist review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol 59, Jul, 2016 pp. 118–133.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

Geens N. Vandenbroeck M. The (ab)sense of a concept of social support in parenting research: a social work perspective. Child & Family Social Work, 19: 491–500. 2014.

no

concentrates on target groups thus limiting a diversified approach

no

no, linked to diversity

in relation to diversity

emphasis on the variety of potential approaches to parenting support, with the “responsibility” not just lying solely with the parents but also shared between state, school and neighbourhood organisations

 

Spiteri G. Xuereb R.B. Carrick-Sen D. Kaner E. Martin C.R. Preparation for parenthood: a concept analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, Vol 32(2), Mar, 2014 pp. 148–165.

no

no

sex, culture and spirituality all influence the concept

no

no, linked to diversity

in relation to diversity

in relation to diversity

parenting is unique to each individual, affected by cultural and societal expectations

no

Halford W. Kim Petch J. Couple Psychoeducation for New Parents: Observed and Potential Effects on Parenting. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, Vol 13(2), Jun, 2010 pp. 164–180.

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

an aid specifically for the poorest families that would lead to a reduction in their stress and hence an improvement in the couple’s relationship and consequently their parenting skills

no