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Table 4 Relative age difference, expressed in quarters, and the scores obtained in cardiorespiratory fitness, trunk endurance, upper body strength, flexibility and movement skill assessments for children 8 to 12 years participating in the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy

From: Influence of the relative age effect on children’s scores obtained from the Canadian assessment of physical literacy

 

Boys

Girls

 

PACER (laps) (n = 3970)

Timed plank (sec) (n = 4044)

Grip strength (kg) (n = 4045)

Sit-and-reach (cm) (n = 4044)

CAMSA (n = 4011)

PACER (laps) (n = 3970)

Timed plank (sec) (n = 4080)

Grip strength (kg) (n = 4085)

Sit-and-reach (cm) (n = 4077)

CAMSA (n = 4033)

Quarter 1

(mean [95% CI])

28.1

[27.1–29.0]

63.5

[60.8–66.2]

36.1

[35.5–36.6]

25.4

[24.9–25.9]

32.4

[32.0–32.7]

22.1

[21.4–22.8]

62.7

[60.1–65.2]

34.1

[33.6–34.6]

31.2

[30.7–31.7]

31.4

[31.1–31.8]

Quarter 2

(mean [95% CI])

26.0 [25.1–26.9]‡

62.8

[60.2–65.3]

35.2

[34.7–35.7]

25.6

[25.2–26.1]

31.7

[31.4–32.0]‡

21.2

[20.5–21.9]

62.1

[59.6–64.6]

32.9

[32.5–33.4]‡

30.6

[30.1–31.2]

30.6

[30.3–31.0]‡

Quarter 3

(mean [95% CI])

25.2

[24.4–26.1]‡

62.1

[59.6–64.6]

33.3

[32.8–33.8]‡

25.6

[25.1–26.0]

31.4

[31.1–31.7]‡

20.2

[19.5–20.8]‡

60.2

[57.9–62.6]

32.2

[31.8–32.6]‡

31.1

[30.6–31.5]

30.3

[30.0–30.6]‡

Quarter 4

(mean [95% CI])

25.0

[24.0–25.9]‡

60.7

[57.9–63.4]

33.4

[32.9–33.9]‡

25.2

[24.7–25.6]

31.0

[30.7–31.3]‡†

20.6

[19.9–21.4]‡

60.5

[57.8–63.2]

31.3

[30.8–31.7]‡†

31.0

[30.5–31.6]

29.8

[29.5–30.2]‡†

F-test

106.38*

53.10*

237.40*

10.51*

109.38*

77.7*

56.40*

320.25*

4.34*

104.5*

p-value

< 0.001

0.51

< 0.001

0.53

< 0.001

0.001

0.46

< 0.001

0.43

< 0.001

ƒ2

0.01

0.001

0.02

0.001

0.01

0.004

0.001

0.02

0.001

0.01

  1. An analysis of covariance was conducted controlling for BMI z-score, site location, age (whole years) and testing month. Quarter 1 represents children born in January to March, quarter 2 is from April to June, etc. The F-test is shown for the overall corrected model (*p < 0.001). The last two columns, p-value and Cohen’s ƒ2, are for the main effect of relative age in quarters
  2. statistically significant differences between quarter 1 and other quarters
  3. statistically significant differences between quarter 2 and other quarters
  4. CAMSA Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment, CAPL Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, CI confidence intervals, PACER Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run