From: Built and natural environment planning principles for promoting health: an umbrella review
Neighbourhood Design | |
---|---|
 Enhance neighbourhood walkability | |
  Increase walkability | Increased social engagement S9 (2); S15 (N/R); S16 (1–2) |
Increased mobility S9 (2); S15 (N/R); S16 (1–2) | |
Increased physical activity S1 (2); S2 (3); S3 (1–2); S4 (2); S5 (2–3); S6 (N/R); S7 (2); S8 (2); S9 (2); S10 (N/R); S11 (N/R); S12 (N/R); S13 (1); S14 (N/R); S15 (N/R) | |
  Improve infrastructure to support walking and cycling | Increased physical activity S1 (2); S2 (3); S3 (1–2); S4 (2); S5 (2–3); S6 (N/R); S7 (2); S8 (2); S9 (2); S10 (N/R); S11 (N/R); S12 (N/R); S13 (1); S14 (N/R); S15 (N/R) |
Increased mobility among older adults S9 (2); S15 (N/R); S16 (1–2) | |
Improved weight status S17 (N/R); S18 (N/R); S19 (2) | |
 Build complete and compact neighbourhoods | |
  Compact neighbourhoods | Increased physical activity S4 (2); S9 (2); S14 (N/R); S21 (1–2); S23 (2) |
  Increase access to facilities and amenities | Increased mobility among older adults S4 (2); S9 (2); S14 (N/R); S21 (1–2); S23 (2) |
Increased social participation among older adults S27 (N/R) | |
Improved mental health S24 (1–2); S25 (1–2); S26 (2–3) | |
 Enhance connectivity with safe and efficient infrastructure | |
  Improved street connectivity | Increased physical activity S1 (2); S2 (3); S3 (1–2); S4 (2); S5 (2–3); S6 (N/R); S7 (2); S8 (2); S9 (2); S10 (N/R); S11 (N/R); S12 (N/R); S13 (1); S14 (N/R); S15 (N/R) |
  Provision of public realm improvements (e.g. provision of street lighting) | Increased physical activity S6 (N/R); S9 (2); S14 (N/R); S112 (1–2) |
Reduced fear of crime S28 (1) | |
Reduced road traffic collisions S29 (1); S112 (1–2); S113 (2–3) | |
Housing | |
 Improve quality of housing | |
  Increase energy efficient homes | Improved general and mental health outcomes (including for those from low-income groups) S15 (N/R); S25 (1–2); S32 (2); S33 (N/R); S35 (2–3); S36 (2); S42 (N/R) |
Reduced mortality S31 (1–2) | |
  Remove home hazards | Improved social outcomes among older adults S39 (2); S40 (2); S42 (N/R) |
Reduced fall-related injuries among older adults S39 (2); S40 (2) | |
Reduced unintentional injury S41 (1–2); S42 (N/R) | |
  Home refurbishment/retrofit | Improved general health S25 (1–2); S32 (2); S33 (N/R); S34 (N/R); S36 (2) |
Reduced fear of crime S28 (1) | |
 Increase provision of affordable and diverse housing | |
  Provision of diverse housing | Increased physical activity S21 (1–2) |
  Provision of mixed-use, affordable housing | Increased perceptions of safety among low-income groups S39 (2) |
  Provision of affordable rental housing | Improved mental health among adolescents and adults S25 (1–2); S32 (2) |
Increase provision of affordable housing for groups with specific needs | |
  Provision of affordable housing for vulnerable groups | Improved social outcomes S48 (1) |
Improved behavioural outcomes S45 (2); S51 (2) | |
Improved health-related outcomes S48 (1); S50 (N/R) | |
Reduced in substance misuse or co-occurring mental disorders S45 (2); S51 (2) | |
Improve psychiatric health outcomes S45 (2); S51 (2) | |
Increased quality of life S45 (2); S51 (2) | |
  Provision of affordable housing for groups living with chronic conditions | Increased engagement with HIV/AIDS services S43 (2–3); S45 (2); S47 (2) |
Reduced engagement in risky sexual behaviours among those with HIV/AIDS S43 (2–3); S45 (2); S47 (2) | |
Improved HIV/AIDS outcomes S43 (2–3) | |
  Provision of affordable housing for the homeless | Increased engagement with healthcare services S46 (2); S49 (N/R) |
Increased quality of life S46 (2); S49 (N/R) | |
Increased employment S44 (1) | |
Improved mental health S46 (2); S49 (N/R) | |
Healthier Food Environment | |
 Increase provision of healthier, affordable food | |
  Increase access to healthier food | Reduced dietary fat intake S52 (N/R) |
Improved dietary behaviour S52 (N/R); S53 (1–2); S54 (1); S55 (2); S56 (2–3); S57 (2); S58 (N/R) | |
Increased fruit and vegetable intake S39 (2); S52 (N/R) | |
Improved attitudes towards fruit and vegetables S39 (2); S52 (N/R) | |
Improved weight status S61 (N/R); S62 (2); S63 (1) | |
Healthier food purchasing S59 (N/R); S60 (2) | |
 Enhance community food infrastructure | |
  Increase urban food growing | Improved attitudes towards healthier eating S64 (N/R) |
Increased opportunities for fruit and vegetable consumption S9 (2); S64 (N/R) | |
Increased opportunities for social connectivity S9 (2); S64 (N/R) | |
Increased opportunities for physical activity S9 (2); S64 (N/R) | |
Natural and Sustainable Environment | |
 Reduce exposure to environmental hazards | |
  Improve air quality | Increased physical activity among older adults S24 (1–2) |
  Reduce exposure to air pollution | Reduced risk of chronic conditions S70 (2); S71 (N/R); S72 (2); S73 (N/R); S74 (1–2); S75 (1–2); S76 (N/R); S77 (N/R); S78 (N/R); S79 (N/R); S80 (2); S81 (N/R); S82 (N/R); S83 (N/R); S84 (2–3); S85 (N/R); S86 (N/R); S87 (N/R); S88 (2–3); S89 (N/R); S90 (N/R); S91 (N/R); S92 (2–3); S93 (1–2); S94 (N/R) |
Improved birth outcomes S15 (N/R); S95 (N/R); S96 (2); S97 (N/R); S98 (N/R); S99 (N/R) | |
Reduced infant mortality S98 (N/R) | |
Improved cognitive function S100 (N/R) | |
  Reduce exposure to excessive noise | Improved mental health outcomes S15 (N/R); S24 (1–2); S25 (1–2) |
Reduced risk of ischemic heart disease S101 (N/R) | |
  Reduce impact of flooding | Reduced risk of carbon monoxide poisoning S102 (N/R) |
Improved mental and physical health outcomes S103 (N/R); S104 (N/R); S105 (N/R) | |
 Increase access to, and engagement with, the natural environment | |
  Increase access and engagement opportunities | Increased physical activity S9 (2); S21 (N/R); S111 (N/R); S107 (1); S117 (N/R) |
Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease S24 (1–2); S26 (2–3) | |
Increased motivation to engage in physical activity S108 (1); S117 (N/R) | |
Reduced obesity among adolescents S18 (N/R); S111 (N/R) | |
Improved mental health outcomes S24 (1–2); S26 (2–3); S109 (2) | |
  Aesthetic park improvements | Increased first-time park users S9 (2); S107 (1) |
Increased physical activity S9 (2); S18 (N/R); S107 (1); S111 (N/R) | |
 Adaptation to climate change | |
  Prioritisation of neighbourhood tree planting | Improved health outcomes S110 (2) |
Transport | |
 Provision of active travel infrastructure | |
  Increase infrastructure for walking and cycling | Increased physical activity S1 (2); S2 (3); S3 (1–2); S4 (2); S5 (2–3); S6 (N/R); S7 (2); S8 (2); S9 (2); S10 (N/R); S11 (N/R); S12 (N/R); S13 (1); S14 (N/R); S15 (N/R) |
Increased mobility among S9 (2); S15 (N/R); S16 (1–2) | |
Improved weight status S17 (N/R); S18 (N/R); S19 (2) | |
 Enhance connectivity with safe and efficient infrastructure | |
  Provision of traffic calming measures | Increased physical activity S6 (N/R); S9 (2); S112 (1–2); S14 (N/R) |
Reduced risk of pedestrian injury S29 (1); S112 (1–2); S113 (2–3) | |
Reduced risk of road traffic collision S29 (1); S112 (1–2); S113 (2–3); S114 (2); S115 (N/R); S116 (1–2) | |
Increased pedestrian activity S112 (1–2) | |
  Provision of public realm improvements (e.g. provision of street lighting) | Increased physical activity S6 (N/R); S9 (2); S14 (N/R); S24 (1–2); S112 (1–2) |
Reduced fear of crime S28 (1) | |
Reduced road traffic collisions S29 (1); S112 (1–2); S113 (2–3) | |
 Prioritise public transport | |
  Promote public transport use | Increased physical activity S111 (N/R) |
Improved cardiovascular outcomes S19 (2) | |
Reduced fear of social isolation S15 (N/R) | |
Improved mental health S15 (N/R) | |
 Enable mobility for all ages and activities | |
  Increase access to recreational space | Improved pedestrian safety among adolescents S112 (1–2) |
Improved mental health S25 (1–2); S26 (2–3) |