Table 1 Univariate analysis for the association between potential risk factors and DENV infection among residents in El-Gadarif State, Sudan, using chi-square test
Risk factors | Cases tested | Cases affected (%) | df | χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locality | |||||
 Gadaref | 70 | 21 (30%) | 9 | 59.5 | 0.001 |
 Center Gagarif | 70 | 37 (52.9%) |  |  |  |
 Butana | 70 | 19 (27.1%) |  |  |  |
 E lfau | 70 | 37 (52.9%) |  |  |  |
 Al Rahad | 70 | 41 (58%) |  |  |  |
 Bassunda | 70 | 46 (65.7%) |  |  |  |
 West Galabat | 70 | 34 (48.6%) |  |  |  |
 East Galabat | 70 | 39 (55.7%) |  |  |  |
 Qurayshah | 70 | 16 (22.9%) |  |  |  |
 Elfashaga | 71 | 44 (62%) |  |  |  |
Age | |||||
 young | 176 | 91 (51.7%) | 1 | 1.55 | 0.123 |
 Old | 525 | 243(46.3%) |  |  |  |
gender | |||||
 female | 282 | 127(45%) | 1 | 1.29 | 0.145 |
 male | 419 | 207(49.4%) |  |  |  |
Education | |||||
 illiterate | 186 | 90(48.4%) | 4 | 2.02 | 0.732 |
 primary | 154 | 75(48.7%) |  |  |  |
 secondary | 199 | 95(47.7%) |  |  |  |
 university | 107 | 45(42.1%) |  |  |  |
 informal study | 55 | 29(52.7%) |  |  |  |
Income | |||||
 low | 489 | 245(50.1%) | 2 | 6.4 | 0.039 |
 medium | 153 | 59(38.6%) |  |  |  |
 high | 59 | 30(50.8) |  |  |  |
Work | |||||
 unemployed | 345 | 166(48.1%) | 1 | 0.06 | 0.806 |
 employed | 356 | 168(47.2%) |  |  |  |
Disease awareness | |||||
 no | 645 | 308(47.8%) | 1 | 0.03 | 0.849 |
 yes | 56 | 26(46.4%) |  |  |  |
Sleeping outdoor | |||||
 no | 324 | 138(42.6%) | 1 | 6.16 | 0.013 |
 yes | 377 | 196(52%) |  |  |  |
Mosquito net use | |||||
 No | 400 | 201(50.2%) | 1 | 2.52 | 0.112 |
 yes | 301 | 133(44.2%) |  |  |  |
Presence of Clean water container | |||||
 No | 31 | 12(38.7%) | 1 | 1.03 | 0.308 |
 Yes | 670 | 322(48.1%) |  |  |  |
Mosquito control | |||||
 No | 313 | 126(40.3%) | 1 | 12.38 | 0.001 |
 yes | 388 | 208(53.6%) |  |  |  |