Characteristics | All participants (N = 1120) | Liquefied petroleum gas user (N = 344) | Mixed fuel user (N = 203) | Solid biomass fuel user (N = 573) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometrics: Age (years), Height (cm) and Weight (Kg) | |||||
Age (mean ± SD) | 30.44 ± 6.86 | 31.06 ± 6.92 | 31.64 ± 7.26 | 29.63 ± 6.58 | < 0.001 |
Height (mean ± SD) | 154.67 ± 8.35 | 152.83 ± 8.04 | 155.48 ± 7.86 | 155.48 ± 8.54 | < 0.001 |
Weight (mean ± SD) | 55.50 ± 7.67 | 53.84 ± 7.79 | 55.33 ± 7.50 | 56.56 ± 7.49 | < 0.001 |
BMI (mean ± SD) | 23.30 ± 3.50 | 23.14 ± 3.49 | 22.96 ± 3.26 | 23.53 ± 3.57 | 0.079 |
Marital Status [n, %] | |||||
Married | 745 (66.5) | 228 (66.2) | 138 (67.9) | 379 (66.1) | 0.887 |
Unmarried | 375 (33.4) | 116 (33.7) | 65 (32.0) | 194 (33.8) | |
Socio-economic status (SES) Indicesa [n, %] | |||||
Low | 114 (10.18) | 8 (2.33) | 22 (10.84) | 84 (14.66) | < 0.001 |
Middle | 895 (79.91) | 279 (81.10) | 166 (81.77) | 450 (78.53) | |
High | 111 (9.91) | 57 (16.57) | 15 (7.39) | 39 (6.81) | |
Education level [n, %] | |||||
No education | 16 (1.43) | 3 (0.87) | 4 (1.97) | 9 (1.57) | 0.094 |
Primary | 1081 (96.52) | 330 (96.24) | 197 (97.04) | 554 (96.68) | |
Secondary/college | 23 (2.05) | 11 (3.19) | 2 (0.98) | 10 (1.75) | |
Occupation [n, %] | |||||
Office worker | 29 (2.59) | 12 (3.49) | 4 (1.97) | 13 (2.27) | 0.026 |
Housewife | 1053 (94.02) | 312 (90.70) | 193 (95.07) | 584 (95.64) | |
Other | 38 (3.39) | 20 (5.81) | 6 (2.96) | 12 (2.09) | |
Asthma in family [n, %] | |||||
No | 1105 (98.66) | 339 (98.55) | 197 (97.04) | 569 (99.30) | 0.054 |
Yes | 15 (1.34) | 5 (1.45) | 6 (2.96) | 4 (0.70) | |
Cooking hours and age [mean ± SD] | |||||
Cooking hours per day | 4.23 ± 1.10 | 2.31 ± 0.62 | 4.04 ± 1.08 | 4.45 ± 0.80 | < 0.001 |
Years cooking | 9.97 ± 5.12 | 9.13 ± 5.28 | 11.28 ± 6.04 | 10.01 ± 4.54 | < 0.001 |
Separate Kitchen [n, %] | |||||
Yes | 142 (12.67) | 70 (20.34) | 17 (8.37) | 55 (9.59) | < 0.001 |
Ventilated kitchen [n, %] | |||||
Yes | 186 (16.60) | 90 (26.16) | 25 (12.31) | 71 (12.39) | < 0.001 |
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure [n, %] | |||||
None | 994 (88.75) | 309 (89.82) | 180 (88.66) | 505 (88.13) | 0.002 |
Childhood | 32 (2.85) | 15 (4.36) | 5 (2.46) | 12 (2.09) | |
Adulthood | 31 (2.76) | 14 (4.06) | 3 (1.47) | 14 (2.44) | |
Both | 63 (5.62) | 6 (1.74) | 15 (7.38) | 42 (7.32) |