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Table 4 The association between vegetable intake in the past month and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) as well as its sub-scales among the women in fertile age

From: Higher vegetable intake and vegetable variety is associated with a better self-reported health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in a cross-sectional survey of rural northern Ghanaian women in fertile age

Model

Mean score (95% C.I) by terciles of vegetable intake

P-trend1

Low (n = 62)

Moderate (n = 63)

High (n = 62)

HR-QoL

 Crude model

65.9 (62.6, 69.3)

70.5 (67.2, 73.8)

72.1 (68.8, 75.4)a

0.01*

 Multivariate model2

58.2 (52.0, 64.4)

64.3 (58.2, 70.4)a

67.4(61.3, 73.6)a

0.0003*

Physical health

 Crude model

68.3 (63.9, 72.6)

74.4 (70.1, 78.7)

75.4 (71.1, 79.7)

0.03*

 Multivariate model2

57.8 (49.5, 66.1)

65.8 (57.6, 73.9)a

68.5 (60.3, 76.6)a

0.002*

Mental health

 Crude model

63.6 (60.5, 66.7)

66.6 (63.5, 69.6)

68.8 (65.7, 71.9)a

0.02*

 Multivariate model2

58.5 (52.4, 64.6)

62.9 (56.8, 68.9)

66.4 (60.4, 72.5)a

0.001*

Subscales of the SF-36

Physical functioning

 Crude model

75.9 (71.6, 80.2)

81.5 (77.3, 85.8)

82.3 (78.0, 86.6)

0.05*

 Multivariate model2

61.7 (53.0, 70.4)

68.8 (60.2, 77.3)

71.4 (62.8, 80.0)a

0.01*

Role-physical

 Crude model

60.6 (53.4, 67.8)

76.9 (69.8, 84.1)a

85.1 (77.9, 92.3)a

<.0001*

 Multivariate model2

49.5(34.7, 64.3)

69.8 (55.2, 84.3)a

80.0 (65.4, 94.6) a

<.0001*

Bodily pain

 Crude model

70.5 (63.9, 77.1)

71.0 (64.5, 77.5)

69.6 (63.0, 76.2)

0.82

 Multivariate model2

59.6 (46.1, 73.0)

60.2 (47.0, 73.5)

60.3 (47.1, 73.6)

0.90

General health

 Crude model

66.0 (61.4, 70.5)

68.2 (63.7, 72.7)

64.5 (60.0, 69.0)

0.59

 Multivariate model2

60.5 (51.1, 69.9)

64.3 (55.0, 73.6)

62.1 (52.8, 71.4)

0.79

Vitality/energy

 Crude model

50.8 (48.2, 53.4)

50.2 (47.6, 52.7)

51.6 (49.0, 54.2)

0.62

 Multivariate model2

49.9 (44.1, 55.6)

50.4 (44.7, 56.1)

52.5 (46.8, 58.2)

0.19

Social functioning

 Crude model

75.4 (71.1, 79.6)

75.6 (71.5, 79.8)

73.9 (69.7, 78.1)

0.61

 Multivariate model2

75.3 (66.2, 84.3)

76.4 (67.5, 85.4)

73.4 (65.2, 83.1)

0.74

Role emotional

 Crude model

63.6 (56.1, 71.0)

76.2 (68.8, 83.5)a

87.1 (79.7, 94.5)a

<.0001*

 Multivariate model2

48.0 (33.3, 62.7)

64.9 (50.4, 79.4)a

79.5 (65.0, 94.0)a

<.0001*

Emotional well-being

 Crude model

64.8 (61.2, 68.3)

64.3 (60.8, 67.9)

62.6 (59.1, 66.2)

0.39

 Multivariate model2

60.9 (53.4, 68.3)

59.7 (52.4, 67.0)

59.6 (52.2, 66.9)

0.70

  1. HR-QoL Health-related quality of life; C.I confidence interval; 1Test for trend based on median values in each tercile-ordinal variable; 2multivariate model was adjusted for age of woman, body-mass-index (BMI), parity, educational status of participant (literate/non-literate), occupation of participant (farmer/other), marital status of participant (never married, married and living with spouse and divorced/widow), age of household head, household hunger scale category and household asset index tercile; aStatistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the low tercile category (Tukey-Kramer adjustment); *P-value is statistically significant at 5% level of significance