Table 4 Roles of actors in the tobacco policy development process
Institutions/Sectors/Stakeholders | Roles in policy formulation and implementation |
|---|---|
Ministry of Health | Led formulation and implementation processes, spearheaded policy process, drafted policy documents, trained enforcement officers and health workers to implement TCA, facilitated government departments to implement their roles, provided technical expertise to stakeholders involved in policy formulation, fundraising |
Ministry of Finance | Provided information on revenue amounts generate from industry; engaged in taxation discussions |
Ministry of Agriculture | Provided suggestions to tobacco growers on alternative cropping, results from soil economic analysis studies on which crops would give higher yields |
Ministry of Education | Contributed to policy process; expected to protect and educate children and include this in their school education/health policy |
African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) | Provided research findings on tobacco studies; contributed to the process |
Ministry of Trade | Increased taxes on tobacco; reduced illicit cigarettes |
East African Community (EAC) ministry | Ensured harmonization of trade and tax regimens across East Africa to avoid illicit trade of tobacco products |
Tobacco industry | Provided information on product contents |
Kenya Revenue Authority | Involved in process to track tobacco products for tax purposes |
Pubs, Entertainment and Restaurant Association Kenya (PERAK) | Participated in process to provide industry with guidance on how law/policy compliance |
Police | Implemented law, followed up on contraband tobacco products |
Children’s department | Provided information on early initiation of drugs in schools |
Ministry of Environment | Provided environmental laws on environmental pollution and environmental degradation due to tobacco curing |
Kenya Medical Research Institute | Provided research, participated in the meetings, contributed to bill content and led baseline situational analysis |
Attorney General’s office | Advised on regulations with reference to legal requirements of a policy document; legal advisors to the government; assisted drafting and implementation of legislation; advised on bill structuring and statues before law could be drafted |
Law Society of Kenya | Legal entity representing the general public, also acts as government watchdog. Supplemented attorney general perspective and advice and verified AG prescriptions in line with practice norms |
Business community (Kenya Association of Manufacturers) | Employs a large number of population |
Consumer information network | Organization that empowers consumers through education and advocacy, research on consumer concerns and to effectively serve as a center of integrity on consumerism |
NGOs – Kenya Tobacco Control Alliance | Drafted TCA; assisted in outreach such as public education, rallies and processions; raised awareness via social media; conducted research and disseminated findings; monitored industry violation and interference; monitored Ministry of Health and enforcement officers to ensure duties were carried out; monitor CSO implementation; nationwide training of enforcement officers and local leaders; participated in county-level legislation process; assisted drafting county-level regulations; asked Kenya to take part in international anti-tobacco process |
Local government (provincial administration) | Implementation work, for example: designation of smoking zones, destruction of the tobacco advertising billboards |
CSOs – civil societies – Institute of Legislative Affairs | Advocated for tobacco control; lobbied; funded meetings; monitored compliance (enforcement); mobilized people and supporters; raised awareness |
Bilateral organization (WHO) | Provided technical support; advised on policy; suggested what to emphasize; ensured proposals were line with FCTC guidance; provided funding |
Academia | Provided research findings; justified policy’s importance; compared international tobacco policies |
Other international organizations (US, Denmark, etc.) | Provided information on how anti-tobacco law implementation is successful in their countries |
Members of Parliament | Supported the bill; assisted pushing bill through parliament |
Media | Messaging |