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Table 2 Drugs local poultry care providers dispensed for backyard poultry in two study villages, Bangladesh, 2009

From: Where backyard poultry raisers seek care for sick poultry: implications for avian influenza prevention in Bangladesh

Trade name

Generic name

Signs/diseases for which dispensed by local care providers

Recommended usage (reference)

Quotes by local care providers

Renamycin

Oxytetracycline

Cholera, lime-like defecation (whitish diarrhea), liquid defecation, bloody defecation, drowsiness, Newcastle Disease, fever, cold (i.e., a respiratory illness), duck paralysis (i.e., botulism), pneumonia, weakness, loss of appetite, pox in eyes, coughing

Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis, Infectious Coryza, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) or Air Sac Disease, Fowl Cholera (Pasteurella multocida), Necrotic Enteritis, Coccidiosis [29]

“Whatever the problem may be, if they (i.e., raisers) come to us, we first give renamycin. Antibiotics for any disease, be it cold, cough or fever... If someone hits the chicken in its leg and it is injured, painkiller works faster with renamycin. Antibiotic is a must.”

“In 80% of poultry disease, tetracycline tablet like renamycin is given.”

“If a raiser tells me that a chicken has fever and the chicken is big, I suggest giving a Histacin tablet, half of a Napa tablet and one fourth of a renamycin tablet. I advise to push the three medicines down the chicken’s throat with a finger and then feed them some water.”

“Tetracycline starts from 250 mg for humans. Animals and birds have to be given 500 mg from the very beginning.”

“These drugs (he indicted drugs at his store) are mainly for cattle, not for poultry. However, drug companies have printed picture of cattle, poultry, all animals on the containers, which implies it can be used for all.”

Dox-A vet

Doxycycline

Cholera, drowsiness, lime-like defecation, Newcastle Disease, fever, cold, duck paralysis, sneezing, coughing, pox in the eyes and face, loose stool

Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and mycoplasmosis [29]

Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin

Drowsiness, lime-like defecation, loose stool,

Respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections [29]

Histacin

Chlorphenamine Maleate

Cholera, fever, cold

Acute inflammatory and allergic conditions, or febrile illness [30]

Napa/ Paracetamol

Acetaminophen

Fever, cold

Fever and hyperthermia and infectious diseases [30]

Vitamin B2/B complex

Riboflavin

Weakness, paralysis, loss of appetite, edema, decreased egg laying

Vitamin B2 deficiency diseases including curled-toe, paralyzed legs, weakness, slow growth, affected egg production, diarrhea, atrophied and flabby muscles, dry and harsh skin, marked enlargement of the sciatic and brachial nerve sheaths [48]

Metro-vet

Metronidazole

Loose stool

Protozoan and gram negative anaerobic bacterial infection [30]

Sandocal P

Calcium supplements

Soft, thin or missing eggshell

Calcium deficiency including soft or no shell eggs [48]

Cosomix plus/ ESB3

Sulfachloropyridazine

Liquid defecation, bloody defecation

Coccidiosis, colibacillosis, salpingitis, paratyphoid infection, staphylococcal infections, fowl cholera, infectious coryza [30]

A-Fenac Vet

Diclofenac Sodium

Lime defecation, pox and insect in eyes

Non-steriod Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [30]

Hista vet

Pheniramine Maleate

Cold

Acute inflammatory and allergic conditions, or febrile illness [30]

Diadin

Sulphadimidine

Sore

Coccidiosis and coryza [30]

Cotrim vet

Cotimoxazole (Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim)

Bloody defecation, lime-like defecation, liquid defecation

Coccidiosis, salmonellosis, colibacillosis [30]