Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

1) 16–29 years old (inclusive)

Enrolled in another ART adherence intervention study

2) HIV-infected (verified at baseline)

3) Taking/prescribed ART ≥3 months

Unable to give informed consent due to mental/physical illness, cognitive limitation, or substance intoxication

4) Self-reported difficulties (< 90%) adhering to ART in past month (i.e., missed ≥4 doses in past month OR ≥ 1 dose in past week)

5) Owns/has daily access to a cell phone

Planning to move outside the Providence/Chicago area within 1 year

6) Lived in the Providence/Chicago area ≥ 3 months