Level | Concept | Instruments and scales | Construct | Applied in questionnaire no. | N items | Short description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
INDIVIDUAL | Food responsiveness | Power of Food Scale (PFS) | Appetite | 3 | 15 | The PFS assesses the psychological impact of living in food-abundant environments (appetite for palatable foods) |
Short version Behavioural Inhibition Scale (BIS-15) | Approach and avoidance | 3 | 15 | The BIS-15 measures on two scales dispositional differences in behavioural approach (BAS-scale) and inhibition (BIS-scale) | ||
Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T-reduced) | Food craving | 3 | 15 | The FCQ assesses craving for a variety of foods covering behavioural, cognitive and physiological aspects of craving | ||
Reward-based Eating Drive Scale (RED) | Reward-based (over-) eating | 4 | 9 | The RED measures the vulnerability to weight-gain associated behaviours such as drive to overeat, lack of control/satiation, preoccupation with food | ||
Reward-Responsiveness-Scale (RR-Scale) | Reward responsiveness | 4 | 8 + 2 a | The RR-scale assesses the extent to which an individual is sensitive to signals of reward | ||
Personality | Big 5 | Personality | 4 | 16 | The scale assesses five personality dimensions: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, compatibility, and conscientiousness | |
Resilience | Resilience | 4 | 15 | The scale assesses stress, coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions | ||
Dispositional Optimism | Optimism | 4 | 5 | Dispositional optimism has been defined in terms of life engagement and generalized positive outcome expectancies for one’s future | ||
SEA-K | Social desirability | 4 | 2 | The SEA-K measures socially desirable responses | ||
Eating behaviour | Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) | Intuitive eating | 4 | 23 | The IES-2 assesses intuitive eating that is eating in line with hunger and satiety cues | |
Self-Report Index of Habit Strength (SRHI) | Habit strength | 3 | 12 | The SRHI measures habit strength of eating a plant-based diet | ||
Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) | External, emotional and restrictive eating | 4 | 30 | The DEBQ assesses three different eating styles namely external, emotional and restrictive eating | ||
Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) | Food Neophobia | 4 | 8 | The FNS assesses a reluctance to eat and/or to avoid novel foods | ||
Dieting | Dieting | 2 | 3 | These items asses dieting habits | ||
Nutrition self-efficacy | Nutrition self-efficacy | 4 | 5 a | These items asses nutrition self-efficacy | ||
Self-regulation | Short Version of the Self-Control Scale (SCS-K-D) | Self-control | 4 | 13 | The SCS-K-D measures general self-control abilities | |
Self-Regulation Scale (SRS) | Self-regulation | 4 | 7 | The SRS measures general self-regulation skills | ||
General Self-Efficacy Scale-6 (GSE-6) | Self-efficacy | 4 | 6 | The GSE-6 measures general self-efficacy | ||
INDIVIDUAL | Socio-cognitive variables | Willingness to change | Willingness to change | 4 | 1 a | Willingness to change assesses if and when an individual wants to change its nutritional habits in the direction of eating more plant-based foods |
Outcome expectations | Outcome expectations | 4 | 25 a | Outcome expectations ask for the perceived consequences (pros and cons) of eating more plant-based foods | ||
Risk perception | Risk perception | 4 | 3 a | Risk perception measures the extent to which an individual thinks that not eating plant-based foods can lead to negative health consequences | ||
Perceived behavioural control | Perceived behavioural control | 4 | 5 a | Perceived behavioural control measures the extent to which eating more plant-based foods is within one’s control | ||
Norms | Norms | 4 | 4 a | These items asses the perceived pressure of family and friends to eat more plant-based foods | ||
Attitudes | Attitudes | 4 | 10 a | These items asses the individual’s attitudes towards eating more plant-based foods | ||
Lifestyle | Physical activity | Physical activity | 2 | 75 | Development of an improved physical activity index, which is able to categorize study participants into activity categories but may also be used as a continuous measure that reflects physical activity and sedentary time | |
Life situation | Dietary change due to illness | Dietary change | 1 | 19 | These items asses dietary changes due to illness | |
Lifetime Alcohol and Smoking | Lifetime | 2 | 5 + 1 | These items asses alcohol intake and smoking | ||
Quality of life (SF-8) | Quality of life | 2 | 8 | Health-related quality of life is an individual’s or a group’s perceived physical and mental health over time | ||
Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A-IADL) | Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | 2 | 6 | The A-IADL-Q is a disease-specific IADL questionnaire, aimed at measuring IADL problems in early dementia | ||
Socio-economic and sociodemographic status | Individual and micro environment socio-economic status | 1 | 19 | These items assess the personal socio-economic status as well as socio-economic variables of the micro environment (i.e. background family, partner) | ||
INTERPERSONAL | Social values orientation | social influence and nutrition | social influence and nutrition | 3 | 14 | Development of a short item list to evaluate familiar taste and cooking preferences in relation to the actual social setting |
nutrition and lifestyle habits | eating values | 3 | 10 a | The instrument is based on BZgA survey and evaluates different nutritional orientations regarding daily food habits | ||
Socio-cultural habits | Human Value Scale (HVS) | Human Value Scale (HVS) | 3 | 21 | The Human Values Scale (HVS) of the European Social Survey (ESS) is a measure that classifies respondents according to ten basic value orientations: achievement, benevolence, conformity, hedonism, power, security, self-direction, stimulation, tradition, and universalism | |
Construct of cultural activities | Cultural activities | 3 | 40 | The questionnaire evaluates how cultural assets influence the individual lifestyle relative to other socio-demographic factors | ||
Familial shaping | Familial eating habits | Familial eating habits | 1 | 15 | These items asses familial eating habits and eating traditions | |
Familial attitudes | Familial attitudes | 1 | 10 a | These items asses the familial attitudes towards eating more plant-based foods | ||
ENVIRONMENTAL | Familial network | Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics | Family relations: Contact, emotional closeness, travel-time distance | 2 | 10 a | Short scale based on pairfam survey, evaluates familial relationships and emotional closeness |
Number of siblings | Number of siblings | 1 | 1 | This item assesses the number of siblings | ||
Place of residence | Rural and urban living environment | Place of residence | 3 | 4 | These items asses the place of residence in respect to rural and urban areas | |
OUTCOME | Dietary intake | Food Frequency Questionnaire | Habitual diet | 1 | 188 | For the repeated dietary assessment in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study, a simple FFQ with low respondent burden was developed to measure dietary intake |
24Â h food list | Habitual diet | Single questionnaires additional to the main survey | 90 | To assess dietary intake a short 24-h food list based on German survey data was developed. In a second step, evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of repeated applications of this tool by study participants of the pretest of the German National Cohort study during a 6-month period |