The influence of education on the access to childhood immunization: the case of Spain

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Healthy Child Programme and visits for vaccination: negative binomial regressions

	Up to 1 year old	1–2	2–3	3–6	6–8	8–12	12–16	Visits for advice about systematic vaccinations	Visits for advice about controversial vaccinations
	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)	Coef (s.e.)
Father’s schooling years	−0.04^a (0.009)	− 0.03^a (0.008)	− 0.03^a (0.008)	− 0.02^b (0.007)	− 0.009 (0.009)	0.004 (0.009)	− 0.03^c (0.01)	0.03^c (0.01)	0.06^b (0.02)
Mother’s schooling years	− 0.04^a (0.009)	− 0.03^a (0.009)	− 0.03^a (0.008)	− 0.02^a (0.007)	− 0.01 (0.009)	0.02 (0.009)	0.009 (0.01)	−0.008 (0.01)	− 0.03 (0.02)
Inferred salaries at household level	−0.009^a (0.002)	− 0.009^a (0.002)	− 0.005^a (0.002)	− 0.005^a (0.001)	−0.006^a (0.002)	− 0.003^c (0.002)	−0.002 (0.002)	0.006^b (0.002)	0.004 (0.004)
Maternal employment	0.2^c (0.08)	0.2^b (0.08)	0.3^a (0.07)	0.5^a (0.06)	0.7^a (0.07)	0.3^a (0.07)	−0.02 (0.09)	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.2)
Child characteristics	included	included	included	included	included	included	included	included	included
Parental information	included	included	included	included	included	included	included	included	included
Sample size	4557	5219	5876	7894	5753	6509	3879	50,506	50,397
χ²	369.8 (0.00)	280.4 (0.00)	120 (0.00)	762 (0.00)	949.5 (0.00)	1706.9 (0.00)	664.1 (0.00)	33.9 (0.00)	18.2 (0.00)
Pseudo-R²	0.06	0.04	0.02	0.07	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.005	0.007

Standard errors are reported in brackets, whereas ^a, ^b, and ^c denote significance levels of 1, 5, and 10%, respectively. Regressions include a dummy variable representing odd minimum distance. Children’s chronic conditions include the following diseases: hypertension, lipid & cholesterol problems, children with any cardio problem, stroke/cerebrovascular accident, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, children with any mental disorder and malignant neoplasms. We also included unhealthy behaviours, which are relevant for adolescents (smoking and heavy drinking). Parental information includes information either with regard to fathers or mothers: age, any parent having passed away, parental consumption of medicines in thousand euros, co-morbidity episodes, mental problems, maternal employment, unhealthy behaviours (smoking and heavy drinking), health-care use (visits to GP, specialists, emergencies, and hospitalization)
Table 4 shows the results regarding the influence of education on the childhood immunization schedule within the “Healthy Child Programme” and the visits for vaccination information. The first seven columns show different age intervals because in each of these the vaccination protocol was different. The last two columns refer to the average number of visits for advice in terms of vaccination, both systematic and controversial. This table describes results from databases 1 and 2 merged

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