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Table 3 Multivariable linear regressions of objectively assessed built environment with CVD risk factors adjusted for age and sexa

From: The relationship between objectively-measured attributes of the built environment and selected cardiovascular risk factors in a South African urban setting

Variables

BMI (kg/m2)

SBP (mmHg)

DBP (mmHg)

MPA (counts/minute)†

VPA (counts/minute)†

MVPA (counts/minute)†

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

Objectively measured built environment (m)

 Community center

  500 (ref)

      

   1000

4.70*** (2.06 to 7.34)

44.08 (−4.67 to 52.82)

4.97* (−0.00 to 9.95)

− 29.10 (−82.60 to 24.43)

0.0 (−1.60 to 1.64)

−34.56 (−90.00 to 20.90)

   1600

2.37 (− 0.30 to 5.02)

6.21 (− 2.59 to 15.01)

6.58** (1.57 to 11.58)

−60.90 (− 124.25 to 2.44)

−0.22(− 2.13 to 1.70)

−69.30 *(− 134.92 to − 3.70)

 Shopping center

  500 (ref)

      

   1000

1.79 (−0.32 to 3.89)

76.99* (0.03 to 83.95)

−1.82 (−5.79 to 2.14)

−61.50 (− 208.99 to 86.00)

−1.72 (− 10.19 to .75)

−60.79 (− 212.73 to 91.16)

   1600

4.78** (1.11 to 8.45)

− 0.63 (− 9.51 to 8.26)

−0.68 (−7.59 to 6.22)

−127.22 (− 358.73 to 104.29)

1.50 (− 6.44 to 9.44)

−124.81 (− 363.00 to 113.68)

 Taxi Rank

  500 (ref)

      

   1000

−0.11 (− 2.81 to 2.59)

0.67 (−8.26 to 9.61)

1.50 (− 3.59 to 6.58)

22.13 (−147.83 to 192.09)

−2.78 (− 11.78 to 6.22)

21.17 (− 153.92 to 196.26)

   1600

− 1.68 (− 4.07 to 1.70)

7.71 (− 0.19 to 15.60)

3.35 (− 1.14 to 7.84)

102.31(− 57.00 to 261.61)

3.56 (− 2.23 to 9.35)

104.62 (−59.49 to 268.73)

  1. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BP blood pressure, MPA moderate physical activity, VPA vigorous physical activity, MVPA moderate vigorous physical activity; sample of 155; β beta coefficient; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
  2. aadjusted for age and sex
  3. Physical activity variables