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Table 2 Univariable linear regression of objectively measured built environment attributes with selected CVD risk factors

From: The relationship between objectively-measured attributes of the built environment and selected cardiovascular risk factors in a South African urban setting

Variables

BMI (kg/m2)

SBP (mmHg)

DBP (mmHg)

MPA (counts/minute)†

VPA (counts/minute)†

MVPA (counts/minute)†

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

β (95% to CI)

Objectively measured Built environment (m)

 Community center

  500 (ref)

      

   1000

0.70 (−1.81 to 3.21)

3.91 (−2.67 to 10.48)

4.02* (0.38 to 7.62)

−63.23 (− 127.18 to 0.73)

0.01 (−1.60 to 1.61)

31.44 (−24.42 to 87.30)

   1600

1.84 (−0.28 to 3.95)

5.90 (− 2.12 to 13.51)

5.43* (1.13 to 9.73)

−26.07 (− 180.00 to 27.86)

−0.26 (− 1.66 to 1.45)

−40.25 (−88.99 to 8.48)

 Shopping center

  500 (ref)

      

   1000

2.31* (0.53 to 4.09)

4.63 (− 0.74 to 10.09)

4.51* (− 8.36 to 0.68)

23.23 (− 13.97 to 60.38)

− 0.01 (− 1.19 to 1.17)

−21.61 (−60.11 to 17.00)

   1600

2.40* (0.14 to 4.57)

2.82 (− 4.01 to 9.62)

− 0.32 (−3.24 to 2.67)

− 43.30(− 89.34 to 2.76)

0.12 (− 1.58 to 1.83)

− 46.24 (−93.90 to 1.54)

 Taxi Rank

   500 (ref)

      

   1000

−1.71 (−4.32 to 0.98)

−2.21 (− 10.28 to5.38)

−5.22** (− 8.88 to − 1.52)

− 30.40 (− 83.18 to 22.31)

0.40 (− 0.83 to 1.55)

−32.33 (− 87.00 to 22.38)

   1600

−1.60 (− 4.12 to 0.92)

1.73 (− 3.67 to 7.02)

2.24 (− 0.81 to 5.14)

−42.34 (− 88.3 to 3.74)

− 0.30 (− 1.96 to 1.36)

−46.41 (− 94.06 to 1.35)

  1. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MPA moderate physical activity, VPA vigorous physical activity, MVPA moderate vigorous physical activity; subsample of 155; β beta coefficient, CI confidence interval; m meter; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
  2. Physical activity variables