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Table 1 descriptive characteristic of the participants by sex

From: The relationship between objectively-measured attributes of the built environment and selected cardiovascular risk factors in a South African urban setting

Variables

Male

Female

P-value

All

N (%)

77 (22.6)

264 (77.4)

 

341

Age (Ma ± SD)

54.4 ± 11.9

56.6 ± 10.2

0.101

56.1 ± 10.6

Socio-demographic (N (%))

 Marital status

  

0.093

 

  Never

29 (37.7)

114 (45.2)

 

143 (41.9)

  Current

28 (36.4)

56 (21.2)

 

84 (24.6)

  Co-habiting

5 (6.5)

20 (7.6)

 

25 (7.3)

  Single

3 (3.9)

11 (4.2)

 

14 (4.1)

  Widowed/divorced/separated

12 (15.6)

63 (23.9)

 

75 (22.0)

 Education Level

  

0.581

 

  Primary

19 (24.7)

67 (25.4)

 

86 (25.2)

  Secondary

46 (59.7)

165 (62.5)

 

211 (61.9)

  Vocation

7 (9.1)

24 (9.1)

 

31 (9.1)

  College/University

5 (6.5)

8 (3.0)

 

13 (3.8)

 Employment Status

  

0.332

 

  Full time

10 (13.0)

21 (8.0)

 

31 (9.1)

  Part time

7 (9.1)

14 (5.3)

 

21 (6.2)

  Self employed

3 (3.9)

12 (4.5)

 

15 (4.4)

  Unemployed

41 (53.2)

170 (64.4)

 

211 (61.9)

  Retired

16 (20.8)

47 (17.8)

 

63 (18.5)

 Salary levels b

  

0.704

 

   ≤ ZAR 2000

3 (3.9)

17 (6.4)

 

20 (5.9)

  ZAR 2000–5000

72 (93.5)

240 (90.9)

 

312 (91.5)

   ≥ ZAR 5000

2 (2.6)

7 (2.7)

 

9 (2.6)

 Smoking

  

0.005

 

  Never

29 (37.7)

155 (58.7)

 

184 (54.0)

  Current

30 (39.0)

66 (25.0)

 

96 (28.2)

  Former

18 (23.4)

43 (16.3)

 

61 (17.9)

 Alcohol

  

0.004

 

  Never

22 (28.6)

122 (46.2)

 

144 (42.2)

  Current

39 (50.6)

81 (30.7)

 

120 (35.2)

  Former

16 (20.8)

61 (23.1)

 

77 (22.6)

 Own a car

  

0.340

 

  None

74 (96.1)

242 (91.7)

 

316 (92.7)

  One

1 (1.3)

13 (4.9)

 

14 (4.1)

  Two or more

2 (2.6)

9 (3.4)

 

11 (3.2)

CVD risks - self-reported

 Hypertension

  

0.004

 

  No

53 (68.8)

133 (50.4)

 

186 (54.5)

  Yes

24 (31.2)

131 (49.6)

 

155 (45.5)

CVD risks - screened (Ma ± SD)

 BMI (kg/m2)

26.3 ± 6.5

33.0 ± 6.8

< 0.001

31.5 ± 7.3

 SBP (mm Hg)

139.3 ± 23.0

143.7 ± 22.6

0.126

142.7 ± 22.7

DBP (mm Hg)

81.5 ± 12.5

85.3 ± 12.5

0.047

84.6 ± 12.5

Accelerometer physical activity† (Ma ± SD)c

 Moderate (counts/minutes)

300.0 ± 111.8

314.3 ± 118.5

0.540

311.4 ± 116.9

 Vigorous (counts/minutes)

3.9 ± 3.1

3.4 ± 3.5

0.509

3.5 ± 3.4

 Total MVPA (counts/minutes)

303.9 ± 114.9

317.7 ± 122.0

 

314.9 ± 120.3

Objectively measured built environment (N (%)) md

 Community center

  

0.835

 

  500

49 (63.6)

159 (60.2)

 

208 (61.0)

  1000

12 (15.6)

48 (18.2)

 

60 (17.6)

  1600

16 (20.8)

57 (21.6)

 

73 (21.4)

 Shopping center

  

0.124

 

  500

28 (36.4)

118 (44.7)

 

146 (42.8)

  1000

37 (48.1)

93 (35.2)

 

130 (38.1)

  1600

12 (15.6)

53 (20.1)

 

65 (19.1)

 Taxi Station

  

0.693

 

  500

39 (50.6)

147 (55.7)

 

169 (49.6)

  1000

9 (11.7)

31 (11.7)

 

105 (30.8)

  1600

29 (37.7)

86 (32.6)

 

67 (19.6)

  1. Ma mean, ZARb South African Rand, SD standard deviation, CVD cardiovascular disease; csubsample of 104, md meter
  2. All bold entries are significant (p <0.05)