Age (years)
| |
60.7 ± 10.0 a,b
|
62.0 ± 10.3
|
62.1 ± 9.9 a,c
|
61.6 ± 9.9
|
64.4 ± 9.5 b,c
|
62.3 ± 9.4
|
BMI (kg/m2)
| |
27.9 ± 4.6 b
|
27.0 ± 5.5 b
|
27.9 ± 4.1 c
|
27.2 ± 5.3 c
|
28.9 ± 4.8 b,c
|
28.2 ± 6.1 b,c
|
Education (% of sample)
|
Less than secondary school graduation
|
2.0%
|
3.7%
|
3.1%
|
4.2%
|
7.4%
|
7.6%
|
Secondary school graduation, no post-secondary education
|
5.7%
|
8.8%
|
8.4%
|
9.5%
|
11.3%
|
15.4%
|
Some post-secondary education
|
5.8%
|
6.1%
|
7.1%
|
8.1%
|
9.5%
|
9.8%
|
Post-secondary degree/diploma
|
86.5%
|
81.5%
|
81.4%
|
78.2%
|
71.8%
|
67.1%
|
Retirement Status
|
Retired
|
33.1%
|
43.5%
|
37.6%
|
43.8%
|
47.0%
|
45.4%
|
Not or partly retired
|
66.9%
|
56.5%
|
62.4%
|
56.2%
|
53.0%
|
54.6%
|
Activity Levels (hours/week)
|
In sitting activities
|
17.4 ± 6.3 b
|
17.5 ± 6.3 b
|
17.4 ± 6.2 c
|
17.8 ± 6.3 c
|
18.6 ± 5.8 b,c
|
18.6 ± 5.9 b,c
|
Walking
|
4.3 ± 4.6 a
|
4.4 ± 4.5
|
4.7 ± 4.7 a
|
4.6 ± 4.6
|
4.5 ± 5.0
|
4.3 ± 4.5
|
Light activities
|
0.9 ± 2.8
|
0.9 ± 2.3
|
1.0 ± 3.0
|
0.8 ± 2.3
|
1.0 ± 2.9
|
0.8 ± 2.5
|
Moderate sports or recreational activities
|
0.9 ± 3.0
|
0.6 ± 2.2
|
1.1 ± 3.3
|
0.7 ± 2.3
|
0.9 ± 3.2
|
0.7 ± 2.3
|
Strenuous sports or recreational activities
|
1.9 ± 3.4 b
|
1.4 ± 3.0 b
|
2.0 ± 3.7 c
|
1.5 ± 3.1 c
|
1.5 ± 3.4 b,c
|
0.9 ± 2.3 b,c
|
Increase muscle strength and endurance
|
0.8 ± 1.8 b
|
0.6 ± 1.5
|
0.9 ± 1.9 c
|
0.7 ± 1.7 c
|
0.7 ± 1.8 b,c
|
0.6 ± 1.5 c
|
Sleep
|
Less than 6 h
|
9.5%
|
12.0%
|
10.1%
|
12.8%
|
12.3%
|
14.2%
|
6 to 8 h
|
87.1%
|
82.8%
|
86.2%
|
80.3%
|
82.6%
|
78.8%
|
More than 8 h
|
3.4%
|
5.1%
|
3.8%
|
6.9%
|
5.1%
|
7.0%
|
FEV1 (L)
| |
3.4 ± 0.7 b
|
2.4 ± 0.5 a,b
|
3.3 ± 0.7 c
|
2.4 ± 0.5 a,c
|
3.0 ± 0.7 b,c
|
2.2 ± 0.5 b,c
|
FVC (L)
| |
4.3 ± 0.8 b
|
3.0 ± 0.6 a,b
|
4.3 ± 0.8 c
|
3.1 ± 0.6 a,c
|
4.0 ± 0.8 b,c
|
2.9 ± 0.6 b,c
|
FEV1% predicted
| |
98.6 ± 14.6 b
|
101.0 ± 15.7 b
|
99.3 ± 14.8 c
|
101.3 ± 15.1 c
|
92.4 ± b,c 16.2
|
94.9 ± 16.1 b,c
|
FVC % predicted
| |
92.8 ± 13.1 b
|
95.8 ± 14.1 a,b
|
93.5 ± 12.6 c
|
96.8 ± 13.1 a,c
|
88.3 ± 13.5 b,c
|
92.5 ± 13.5 b,c
|