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Table 3 Relationships between childhood community resilience assets, child health and well-being measures and ACE count

From: Adverse childhood experiences and sources of childhood resilience: a retrospective study of their combined relationships with child health and educational attendance

 

Percentage with each condition/outcome

Common childhood conditions

  

ACE count

Childhood resilience assets

Asthma

Allergies

Headache

Digestive

Poor childhood healtha

High school absenteeismb

0

1

2–3

≥4

 
 

%

X 2

P

%

X 2

P

%

X 2

P

%

X 2

P

%

X 2

P

%

X 2

P

%

%

%

%

X 2

P

Community help

No

14.4

1.325

22.4

9.573

26.3

6.230

14.1

3.103

23.7

37.396

16.6

26.303

38.6

16.5

22.5

22.4

152.624

 

Yes

12.7

0.250

17.2

0.002

21.8

0.013

11.7

0.078

13.8

< 0.001

9.6

< 0.001

58.2

20.2

13.0

8.7

< 0.001

Adult available

No

15.4

2.595

22.9

6.925

29.4

14.673

18.5

22.711

29.1

69.472

20.5

48.036

30.7

15.7

20.7

32.9

271.993

 

Yes

12.7

0.107

17.8

0.009

21.6

< 0.001

10.8

< 0.001

13.8

< 0.001

9.6

< 0.001

57.4

19.8

15.0

7.8

< 0.001

Given opportunities

No

18.9

17.258

23.6

8.889

29.5

13.546

17.5

14.456

31.8

96.315

24.8

99.173

29.3

15.9

22.2

32.6

256.338

 

Yes

11.8

< 0.001

17.8

0.003

21.7

< 0.001

11.2

< 0.001

13.4

< 0.001

8.6

< 0.001

57.3

19.7

14.7

8.3

< 0.001

Treated fairly

No

17.0

4.820

30.3

33.557

35.2

31.630

19.6

18.479

36.6

106.645

29.1

112.219

21.9

13.0

23.3

41.8

332.704

 

Yes

12.7

0.280

17.1

< 0.001

21.4

< 0.001

11.4

< 0.001

14.0

< 0.001

9.2

< 0.001

56.3

19.9

15.1

8.7

< 0.001

Culturally engaged

No

18.1

12.628

24.7

13.322

30.8

19.834

16.7

10.092

31.0

84.623

21.5

53.904

30.0

16.7

21.3

32.0

232.332

 

Yes

12.1

< 0.001

17.5

< 0.001

21.4

< 0.001

11.4

< 0.001

13.6

< 0.001

9.5

< 0.001

56.0

19.5

14.9

8.6

< 0.001

Supportive friends

No

18.2

7.596

25.7

10.844

34.8

26.966

19.4

16.001

38.6

117.287

26.6

74.639

28.8

11.3

23.8

36.1

201.740

 

Yes

12.6

0.006

18.0

< 0.001

21.6

< 0.001

11.5

< 0.001

14.0

< 0.001

9.8

< 0.001

54.9

20.1

15.1

10.0

< 0.001

Role model

No

19.7

12.791

27.6

17.618

34.0

22.878

20.3

20.062

38.7

117.471

28.6

94.168

18.7

13.7

22.9

44.8

356.495

 

Yes

12.4

< 0.001

17.7

< 0.001

21.8

< 0.001

11.4

< 0.001

14.0

< 0.001

9.5

< 0.001

56.3

19.7

15.3

8.8

< 0.001

  1. For full description of each resilience factor see Additional file 1: Table S1. aSelf-rated overall health in childhood was rated ‘poor’ for responses fair or poor, other options were excellent, very good or good; bSecondary school absenteeism was rated high if > 20 days per year
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